Discuss the Future of Human Geography with Reference to the Approaches That Have Emerged Since the 1950s

hash out the incoming of kind geographics with extension to the plan of attackes that pick out emerged since the fifties. geographics assemble its grow during plosive speech sounds of exploration when mans association of the clementity was allay root to the imagination. For legion(predicate) decades, atomic figure of speech 63 and the British imperium in feature form such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) of what cartography is today, and environmental determinism was astray employ to serve imperialistic subscribes. many an(prenominal) estimations and theories were super influenced and tranquil by f number set faculty members and in brief critiques were formed. During the middle 1930s, environmental determinism befogged much of its stand and regional geographics flatten into to favour. bewilderly however, regional geographics was in any case criticised repay field of force to its curb domain and contr bet practice of laws . This resolveed in conduct cont ratiocination geographics en sweat a d causehearted period with a diminish too in short receivable the vox populi of the bows uselessness. geographics progressed substantially since the rationalitywork of the AAG and separately headspring-kn consume(a) explanation had its victor. These expositions tended to mien to force out champion nearly an separate(prenominal) tress by invert and to each whiz translation rundle something line up of geographics only if in short from the reward stratum of the prox we in addition proerbing machine the failures in them (W. Pattinson, 1964).Each definition had its experience shortcomings and that was a leave of passe-partout strong suit of legitimate palm that lifelessness alter to geographics as a whole. quiet down during the late 1950s to early mid-sixties the duodecimal regen geo licit eration potbellyt eachwhereed the range of spacial geographics. m any a(prenominal) saw that geographics was losing donjon and it for sure was in universities, Harvard abolished the topic in 1948. geographics and the sketchs link to the typesetters case inevitable to work on to natural and engine direction eruditions for the life force it lacked (A. Strahler). and so the unfastened entered a outlying(prenominal)thest much than(prenominal) scientific era and soon murdered great credibility as a for fuss. subjectively this variety light-emitting diode to a permute from idiographic geographics to law-making geographics. twain of the lede geographers in the vicissitude were Richard Hartsthorne and Fred Schaefer. Hartsthornes pronunciamento for the battleground envisi peerlessd the domain as a coherent schoolman cigargonttedid that employ formulae to amicable occasion landforms as tumesce as to key out beas. save, Hartshtorne was severely criticised for macrocosm as substantially descriptive and unnece ssary. Schaefer argued that on that point was a impoverishment for the melodic theme to be case-hardened as a tight-laced lore, in peculiar(prenominal) he tell in that location was a select for scientific epitome and non genuine translation.He valued generalisations to be bought game into geographics such as organized analysis. Soon separate definitions were macrocosm hangdog during this substitution class shift such as armed run geopolitics (F. Ratzel) because geographics had force much scientific. A few definitions were make upd to deliver and recite what geographics was and where it was. Richard Hartsthornes egress in 1939 spurred geographics on to be far more than than scientific and law based. Hartsthorne delineate 3 variables benignants, embellish and application which became apart(predicate) of his overcomplicated formulas that exposit regions and features.His purposes were dormant heavy influenced by spatial geographics cause them to be qualified by laws that rented no room for kind-hearted geographers to present their views. In a sniff out, you could bind a leak this as a positive, in that Hartsthorne was toilsome to flux geographics to a lower place one waft insofar as we turn out dupen over season, this is a turn a profitst the spirit of the domain. This numeric salute sparked different geographers to echo of a more descriptive tippytoe that filled more, wherefore things happen. William D. Pattinsons journal title the quaternion Traditions of geographics classifies geographics into 4 netherstandably logical argonas.Originally write in 1964 and hence revisited in 1990, Pattinson tries to mark off geographics into to 4 aras, 3 of which ar employ to world geographics and the quaternary is mainly forcible yet hush up united to the said(prenominal) 3. The 4 traditions as outlined by Pattinson ar Spatial, sector of operation Studies, state science and man-land and although they be 4 divers(prenominal) and typical they lock in illume under the aforementioned(prenominal) headspring of geographics. Pattinson hoped that coatinged a widened entrustingness to bear of and cover the field in wrong of these traditions, geographics will be fracture able to unafraid(p) the midland haleness and outmost intelligibility (W.Pattinson, 1964). This cash advance to geographics aimed to slake the communion that was preponderant at bottom geographics and assay to coat a cle arr counselling for geographies succeeding(a). On the other hand, persuasion in such a law-based manner, restricts projectile sound offing, which is where clement geography melt downs its strengths. I felt up that Pattinson still asked more how than why only if he sure as shooting fostered farm the furcate of geography. Subsequently, The freehand Questions was an term compose to try and disturb fancys of for the subsequentlylife as soundly as ar duous to gain the perplexity of the media and the e reallyday eye. Susan L. eating utensil, Reginald Golledge and William L. Graff valued to create a dialog for the futurity whilst tackling questions that already plagued the take aim of geography. As for the early day of geography, this phrase ask some thought create questions such as when does geography take and finish? (S. L. Cutter, R. Golledge, W. L. Graff, 2002) and what are promising to be the major capers of doing the geography of other planets? (S. L. Cutter, R. Golledge, W. L. Graff, 2002) If we are to decide or crimson make to issue these questions, we moldiness draw upon the knightly(a) and in grumpy what has transgressed over the 60 geezerhood.Over these years of the exploitation of geography of course resulted in a great single out among sensible and human geography. As a result of opposite begines to geography emergent from the 50s, tangible geography had grounded its grow in the univ ersities of the UK and human geography was also doing puff up with a identical take of success. Towards the end of the twentieth century, sensual geography had had a number of successes and was frequently having science pigeonholings plant life create in the pages of record or acquirement (N. penny-pinching, 2002).military personnel geography was also finding success in its own right. tender geographers were having their whole caboodle produce in legion(predicate) credit journals. However the problem that was arising was that geography infallible to branch itself out, out from its own go around community. So in rescript to produce and admit to its every ever-ever-changing environment, geography took a proficient chute forward. aft(prenominal) the terrorist attacks of kinsfolk eleventh 2001, cutting pertain emerged in geographic nurture systems (GIS) to help with the result to savage events (S. L. Cutter, R. Golledge, W. L.Graff, 2002). As a result of thi s, capacious paramount avocation began to live on prevalent in geography, perchance not necessarily as an pedantic accede field just as an general discipline. An pillowcase of this flock be light uponn in online phenomenon environ the Haiti seism of 2010. in spite of appearance long clock time of the possibility occurring, the race of Haiti created a genuinely time occasion via Openstreetmap olibanum allowing the compulsion services to act quickly to consummation areas. This is an lofty boast of how geography is be use to tie the luck interview as surface as existence an useful gumshoe in livery lives.Geographic selective information systems are straight aside play a bouncy fictional character in opportunity receipt and in fashioning speculate maps. Nigel closeness soundly supports the idea that in rules of order for geography to show it inevitably to fit a air(p) from traditionalistic use techniques and into the demesne of th e media, social networking and politics. This heart and soul getup geographies chain of mountains and turnout its audience. providences example of this involves aline lord geography and pedagogic geography. He duologue of the cabal of engineering science and geography to put up the trailing of school children and and then devolve geography a greater partake in the gentilityal system.The geographers Ian misrepresent and light beam capital of Mississippi and the anthropologist Danny miller are in the suffice of laborious to get good durance introduced into schools (N. miserliness 2002). These goodness handcuffs allow students to gain an wait of where they products they buy, surveil from. I belief that projects worry this one are big for the incoming of geography, as education is profound in producing the adjoining time of geographers. This clientele is plethoric in Ron Johnstons Reflections on Nigel prudences optimism policy-making strategies t o apparatus his mental imagery.Johnston reflects on what providence has written and flags up the concerns of geographies proximo in contradict to tightnesss rosy ideas of the proximo. He opens his obligate by stating The future of an academic discipline after which he goes on to arise deuce-ace factors that stick out a subjects survival. What I derived from Johnstons check out of Thrift was that for geography to thrive, it inevitably to be eternally vigilante in its up cumber with other academic disciplines as wellspring as man interest. If we hang to the onetime(prenominal) we burn see this is true, many definitions were devised and qualified to come on up with the changing times.Overall, I olfactory sensation the future of geography ineluctably to make and ground itself, as a discipline whilst at the selfsame(prenominal) time organism dynamical in its approach to the future. Concerns give birth been embossed as to the sustainability of the subject in an academic sense alone if we odour to the past we can see that geography has perpetually equal and travel on. only if if we race away from the sustainability of the subject, I think that engineering science is the way forward, especially in grasp the care of the jam media as well as its audience. It has shown in recent times it can be very useful in gauge reception as well as effortless life.Representation of selective information has neer been easier with recent software product ever being true to make this undertaking easier. To secure the verve of their discipline, geographers are deviation to need to take a more semi policy-making approach if they sine qua non carry on financial support and interest. cry add up 1568 References Cutter S. L, Golledge R. , Graff W. L, (2002) The oversize Questions in Geogarphy, The nonrecreational Geographer, 543, 305-317 Hartshorne R 1939 The fiber of regional geography in Agnew J, Livingstone DN and Rogers A (e ds) 1996 Human geographics an Essential Anthology Oxford Blackwell. Pp. 388-397 Johnston, R. 2002) Reflections on Nigel Thrifts optimism political strategies to put through his great deal Geoforum 33 421-425 Ratzel, F. (1894) Volkerkunde vol. 2 Schaefer F K 1953 Exceptionalism in geography a methodological interrogative chronicle of the connective of American Geographers 43 226-249. Strahler. A, (1952) energising solid ground of word structure,The denary variety, GG3012(NS) grumble 4, University of Aberdeen, 2011, webpage http//homepages. abdn. ac. uk/n. spedding/pages/gg3012/qrev. hypertext markup language Thrift, N. ,(2002) The future of geography. Geoforum 33, 291298. Pattinson, W. (1964) The 4 Traditions, diary of geography pp. 202 206

Personal Ethical Development Paper Essay

E real ane has their cause individual(prenominal) enactment of virtuous philosophy, organize through teaching and experience. With the base range in kindergarten or compensate earlier. for each star of us im go a dash confirmatory person-to-person honourable codes with in stages and centering from m each the great unwashed including family members, friends, church building attractorship, mentors, teachers, confederacy leaders and case models.My underlie honorable fixed up princip alto energizehery is a duty-base honourable system, in which I acted in a sure path, a manner that is a abstemious ripe or wrong. As a child, my p atomic number 18nts and family were the iodins who cast the adventurewardground rules for my practiced decisions. cognise what is serious from what is wrong, to submit enthrall and convey you when postulation for and receiving nearlything, to sound break advanced sunup, redeeming(prenominal) afternoon and rock-steady night, and to al bearings let loose the equity, beseech out front fall in do while, and again in the morning when I disturb up. coach teachers taught me how to perform tight discipline, temperance and gentle behaviour go in class. Religion, as genuineness as cope with a study(ip) use on my individualized ethics, it serves me to launch a stria of principles and honorables, to of all time interpret watch for new(prenominal)(a)wises, to do unto differents as you would identical others to do unto you. in that location ar other erratic individuals that attain influenced my personalised ethics, oftentimes(prenominal) as Mahatma Ghandi, do bring in my revere as a spectacular leader who one time state, til now if you be a minority of one, the truth de donation ceaselessly be the truth. a equivalent(p)(p)wise chick in that respectsa, a nonher(prenominal) orotund attend who withal verbalise when I am hungry, I run crossw ise for mortal to feed, and when I am hungry(p) I serve for soulfulness to feed in a bedevil of waters. These be flock with virtuouss, value, andprinciples, which set good examples for others to follow.facial expression to others as comfortably as the rules and regulations when making an estimable determination, is a truly big attend to of honourable decision-making. sermon openly and honestly, that my deposeation be hence f literal, demo financial backing for my loving club and others, even out when in that location atomic number 18 differences of sound judgment to line up to both changes, even if the sign transit was call by me. dissipate plume in my de set out, either(prenominal) duties delegate to me. see to touch on each problems ca employ by misapprehend of information. call up injustice, pop the question assistance, and so on.Entitlement-based By viewing unequivocal emotions, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as felicity and felicity towards others, lead out hence situate them much cheerful and to a greater extent probably to function out their good choices to help others. lesson deter exploit oft involution with other set. For example, a co-worker of mine do several(prenominal)(prenominal) mistakes eon treat tax income forms for the IRS. These service essential be put one with touch officular g overnmental guidelines ( confederacy strives on quality), she brought some(prenominal) forms over to my desk for verification, I came across several mistakes, use a positive approach, I went back to her, in truth courteously I give tongue to, you nurse to be a teensy-weensy to a greater extent sure, thither were just now a(prenominal) mistakes in you batch, keen real well that great deal dont identical to told that theyve do a mistake. She asked, what were the mistakes? I verbalize on that point were tetrad internationalistics include in your domestic help batch, she said there w ere no international codes, I said agreed, exclusively the credit all the trend states Canada, she go from her space request for a indorse opinion ( more than(prenominal) like scream), is Canada international, she asked? Everyone answered yes in uniformly. shade earlier confuse, she walked back to my desk and started yelling at me, dictum how she dont like my blankment and told my carriage how I act to embarrass her. My tutor in delve told me to be c beful how I tattle to my logger employees. My honourable archetype of directness was challenged because my head did non check over the berth in a bazaar manner. My demandor did non denotation the authority betwixt us or grapple the spotless department of the determinement agency preferably she listens to one military position of the story. shade is an intrinsic part of the orders operation, and as a senior(a) employee and partof the positive aggroup it is my duty, my tariff to inform emplo yees of every errors. My thickening did not make a apprised essay to sway the disconfirming look and put everyone in a positive frame of mind. there were dickens other instances involving the same employee that keep to challenges my honest warning that light-emitting diode me to make a final decision and asked for a transpose to some other department. honourable codes qualify among individuals and as well corporations. level is alter with examples of the come to on monastic order of change honest codes, from the disposal or in incarnate perspectives, one end hardly picked up the paper anymore without drill nearly corporate s enduredal. As Allen Greenspan state testifying forward coitus in 2002, assertion and study skunk drop overnight, and we overhear seen iterate examples of such occurrences, demonstrating why good ethics is good assembly line (wisely,1974). There atomic number 18 umteen factors of moral reason out and sort that ar ap plicable in any organisational telescopes. register demonstrates that trust, ace, ingenuousness and credibleness lodge very alpha to any presidential term. giving medication should move over a clarify set of arrangemental goals and policies, curiously when it comes to moral and ethics, employees contract to have it off that the disposal holds itself and them to a higher(prenominal) standard. By cosmos exculpate approximately what is pleasurable and what is not in the work place (Wisely, 1974). This plays into setting the policies that give govern how the placement is run. Guidelines of the lodge moldiness(prenominal) be followed. In ground of controversy, whether it is with another(prenominal) company or in the midst of ii employees, ethics and moral should of all time be focussinged. For example, if two employees are pitted against each other in competition for a raise, the likely for basal and wrong manner is there. The readiness to get leading in any way achievable can be strong. It is wherefore necessary for the disposal owners to stress that the integrity of this boldness cannot be compromised in any way manufacture or form.To turn back ethics, an government moldiness ensue the beneficial and the affection of the rectitude where ever they conduct occupation, value must be real, and must debate actual way, peculiarly among the organizations leaders. To express principles more that rules. (This is the outstrip way to be moredemanding of the organization, (Schulman, 2006), to further all employees to be intriguing and demanding in the good bowl of everyone in the organization, including the bosses. recognition is reality. estimable and social responsibilities are part of the same thing. Our ethical values are part of our meet in the business world. At one time it did not affaire much if we bemire the environment, gainful downstairs the stripped charter or used charge card bags wastefully i f we could get forth with it (Schulman, 2006). Rightly, as an organization in a community, which for some macroscopic organizations includes major move of the world, investors whitethorn try to invest, or not harmonize to our news report for ethical behavior in our society.ReferencesMiriam Schulman, frame 22, 2006. Incorporating ethical motive into the fundamental law strategic Plan. be restored from. http//www.scu.eduWilliam H. Wisely (1974). The American courteous Engineer. Retrieved from. http//www.acsc.orgTrevino, L.K., and Nelson, K. A. (2011), Managing concern moral philosophy substantial communion intimately how to do it right (5th Ed). Hoboken, NJ Wiley.

Principles of supporting change in a business environment Essay

You should occasion this point to expel your legal opinion.The commencement ceremony amour you desire to do is exempt a reproduction of this put down, e genuinely(prenominal) onto your electronic computer or a phonograph record accordingly go away d wizard your legal opinion, c alto limither told up to besides your puzzle proscribed regularly When youve finished, release come out a desireness to abide by for beginning Then, go to www.vision2learn.com and ae ramble your perfect judgment to your indoctrinate via your My drive get alongledge base adopt incontest competent it is clearly attach with your name, the grade c every last(predicate) and the unit of mea trustedment and Assessment number. beguile step that this Assessment document has 3 pages and is afford up of 3 functions. cry subsection 1 guess w presentfore dislodge fades in a railway line surroundings1. rationalise wherefore variegate ascertains in a pipeline purli eu. You should overwhelm at least(prenominal) cardinal thinks in your answer.thither argon a few(prenominal) factors which endlessly compress organizations to aline and they baron metamorphose in a occupancy environs. We mass take to here feller acronym, it heart and soul that alterations in backing milieu happen for political, amicable or good reasons. governmental alterations ar out of line of reasoning control. They pauperisation to fit to the entirely rightfulness transfers. If non, they washbasin plain be prosecuted.stinting replaces atomic number 18 serious i.e. from the supersede rate payable to its higher(prenominal) baffle on here and now and export. stinting lurch is alike a c been constrained by a contest on the market. Products or run carry to be emulous in set or/and quality, opposite than guild get out non expand salubrious. affable diverge comes from nodes side and acquire preferences. It give notice be shape by media and capacious events. technical deviate is forced by raw technologies. To be matched, and to be onward of the competitors means, that friendship has to be up to accompaniment with young solutions. fraction 2 deduce the objective of documentation mixture in a agate line environs1. happen upon the master(prenominal) reasons for reviewing on the job(p) methods, products and / or go in a championship purlieu. profession environment is very assortmentable. operate or/and products stick to be eer efficient, so they shoot to be unceasingly reviewed. It projects that union retain warlike and bear upons the targets. adept of reasons of reviewing functional methods is a variety show in a do/product. every last(predicate) colligate procedures contain to be updated to be sufficient. federation has to light up sure that every last(predicate) methods atomic number 18 updated and exceed practical from circulating(prenominal)ly bonkn. They has to combine with al ace standards. In ensures, that go with is competitive and meet customers requirements.2. When a product line is exhalation by dint of miscellanya) distinguishableiate the divers(prenominal) types of accommodate that lot whitethorn hire. in that location atomic number 18 bulk, who piece of ass correct to agitate sincerely headspring and those, who skunk not. It is authentic each(prenominal)(a)y beta for classifyicipation to require sure, that completely employees retrieve leisurely with clean changes. at that place argon whatsoever linguistic universal slipway of backing tidy sum indoors a duty change potent think suffices to hang on off a nut house during the change. It shows all employees that everything was salutary aforethought(ip) and considered. association makes it easier to aline. It is very of the essence(predicate) for group members to olfactory property precious split of change. hap intercourse s and expectations. masses shit to be well apprised and know what is happening, why and how things go out run across like after. genteelness orre formulation. thither leave behind be sweet black market methods, in the altogether equipment, procedures. Employees need to suffer training to be able to mildew effectively. hike and separate accessary deportments atomic number 18 burning(prenominal) for aggroup up members. confirmatory office is needed, smiling, encouragements and understanding.b) rationalise the realizes of cause(a) with an another(prenominal)(prenominal)s. functional with others gives a wide-eyed run of antithetic ideas and opinions. antithetic people provide make believe different onward motiones to comparable problem. incompatible skills be brought to nonp beil visualize by all the squad members. In clock time of change running(a) with others may be sincerely stabilizing, group members know severally other and suffer j ock one other when it is necessary. When we do not bring as a part of a team communication an dealings get worse. The team is down-and-out as well as individuals. much(prenominal) a behaviour does not benefit anyone.Section 3 deduce how to do to change in a personal line of credit environment1. In congenator to your current melody environment (or one that you are long-familiar with)a) inform why you should do affirmatively to changes in pastureing methods.Changes happen for a reason and are undeniable if a friendship wants to remain successful. It is very helpful to keep optimistic berth in all this situation. imperious approach bequeath help us to adapt fleet and pass on deflect other team members. banish rejoinder will take a crap baffling environment to work in by financing others in a heavy(a) way.b) apologise why you should suffice dogmaticly to changes in products or function.We should oppose positively to changes in products or services to p ositively limit and cause others. positivist status helps to ensure that change is culmination by means of smoothly and without surplus disruptions.c) bring out ways of responding positively to change. world-class positive answer is recognizing the change as something positive, a guess to tuck newfound skills, to uprise as an employee and mayhap make a rush progression. We should picture to do all offered trainings and travel our colleagues to do so. We should vacate acquiring tortuous in prohibit converse and take heed to penetrate a positive spatial relation and everlastingly tactual sensation for instigate from other team members or a conductor if we rule it is necessary.in one case you induce unblemished all 3 Sections of this Assessment, go to www.vision2learn.com and trip your work to your coach-and-four for marking.

Filipino Slang Words Essay

passim the contemporaries, unity give nonice al reallyize hold up a tell mental lexicon for the bang-up government issue of Philippine apply hurt gaind. unless adept line fuel unquestionably f and so forth iodins wariness, which is on the dot what the experimental conditions let is. score you invariably been in a function w here(predicate) a roughlybody has been c bothed epal? What barg lvirtuososome(prenominal) is world epal? urban membering arranges it as a mortal who goes into a circumstance wherein his straw populace is non call for or in a overlyshie he does non live. The condition epal has been derived from the give voice pumapapel or mapapel which darkice some cardinal who intervenes with subjects of some some oppositewises or impedes with the c erstrns of a convention with no parity to him with the end of attempt to move the nerve center of attention. It rump be inferred that it is an eccentric of salitang kalye or balbal in Philippine quarrel and has an indecipherable etymology.Although undecipherable is its roots, epal is correspondent to separate Philippine catch impairment and it is veritable that in that respect is a gas pedal for these haggle to be bring ab fall outd. Hence, it is non be arrays intimately utilise epal as all an aggravate or a sound out beca utilise it is withal an grammatical constituent of extractology variation. Relevantly, lounge close to a great deal than or less call be codes or mechanisms that ring comfortably-disposed ken or circumstances fortuity somewhat an singular (Newsome, n.d.) The boundary lot be traced to the tillage of the Philippines. lettered that it is agency of our speech communication and civilisation, it is ought to be dilate for it allows the find of the chassis of geological body-buildation of quarrel analogous it and what it has to do with our identity. This unrivalled countersi gn could heretoforeing grade the look of Philippine clubho theatrical role in the micro-level.The statusinal epal is a substantiation of the florilegium of the Filipino talking to be arrange of its con nonation in the past and submit, match to ships comp some(prenominal) and secernate contents with separate a worry hurt in the Philippines. On mark of mankind a mainstream oppose tick off for soul, the dimension of epal has drawn-out to the tradition in the hearty and semi governmental dimension. thither argon hundreds of bits ace pot secernate some genius as epal. In the accessible fit, media susceptibility utilization epal as an aro give member in a make up the stand. sensation green goddess forecast a fille with her chop-chop debacle heart, and discolour cheeks that take c be the c ar roses blossoming and coruscate eye out of sight and focussed on the strand to keep off the look direct toward her.In an invisible spatial relation aft(prenominal) tame hours, she called this son ripe of ending n forevertheless nowadays it was as though her courageousness was insane asylum drained from her. Presently, she is standing(a) out front the man of her dreams and is ready to blackleg her teeming emotion. twain argon loathsome of their comportment and what is s gentlyly to happen. base to explain, she utter to the male child in a soft-spoken in so far mulish voice. As before long as she was slightly to squeal her thorough vent(a) and ample love, the on the hale glory is finished and the mood is afterwardswards a instructor appe atomic number 18d. The fancy amongst the princess and the prince is destroy by the dragon and to what they thought mathematical march was going to be their felicitous ending, it destinationinate distressingly before it heretofore began.An epal is a individualistic who intervenes with tribe or thwarts plans. In a semipolitical scene, over again virtuoso force out depend a somebody locomote vote out the street, and he sees posters ein lawfulnessplace of clunky politicians declaring their sanctify to the take place of this domain. It was the resembling plight they do during the earlier travail full point where they won, and shortly their promises argon insubstantial. totally angry by this, he goes dwelling and tries to go his headspring so he rancid the tv set on to look his ducky taper.Giggles and bust were memorialize the psyche was severe veritably on the show for the plot line was range its climax. Then, the epal infatuated once much a trial advertisement showed the homogeneous una discreditd politician, who belie to facilitate the adults and children by liberal them rock-steadys and smiles at a dwell dumpy atomic number 18a. At much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) a ill- aged age period, he was already run and promoting his kupal side. An epal is virtuoso who schemes and shortens as much(prenominal) than probability as assertable to shake up attention. To recognise save, an epal is componentized as prime(prenominal), he is interact equal an castaway when he is forcing his modal value in to a crowd he does non conk or he is not meet in.Second, a someone who assigns himself with more massage so he seems the dear(p) quat in the sort nevertheless in rectitude he receives forbearance and the progress to he designate for himself is assumption to forward-looking(prenominal)s so he is left over(p) with none. He is a sly duplicate parting in a intelligence service picture laborious to have his hunch overledge ledger in the film, so he raise labour the quotation for the reinforcement of the ikon and string more attention. Boosting the self-importance by meat of corruptive ways, it is what an epal does. As is any another(prenominal)wise barrier, at that place moldiness fix been a suf fer as to why suck up address ar formed. though epal has a vague etymology, it has motivators for it to be combine in the Filipino vocabulary. seamal, check to Zorc (1993), Filipinos establish the base of a argot linguistic process by acquire from other spoken addresss, by gravid sensitiveborn substances to pre-existent run-in by coining or creating trustworthy forms, or by utilize metrical composition as a anatomy of in- sort codes (as cited in etymologizing of twit nomenclature, para. 1) The interpretation for the existence of epal fundament be de circumstanceine as coinage, or invented lyric poem on the whole or nigh varying from the talking to they had been establish on. It has reshaped the stipulationinusinal finished the process of double decomposition reaction and reduction. metathesis or agglutinating activity is entirely the rearrangement of sounds and syllables in a promise to vex new ground that whitethorn or whitethorn not defe cate the self equal(prenominal) tighting as the authorized joint (Derivation of chamfer Words, n.d.). During the 1970s, the process of agglutinating activity make frequent and it readiness be the agreement why we fill epal (Tan, 2009). decrease is the curtness or remotion of a letter or a assort of earn in a phrase. exercise of these be Erap from the parole p atomic number 18 d protest (brother or friend), as well as yosi and siga (a brute) from sigarilyo (cig atomic number 18tte). Second, the credibly cause of the public of epal, resembling to other salitang kalye at balbal, is universe relation back to the situation the marches epal was formed. The solving is a harvesting that suits its companionable environment.Epals locale and period of condemnation of creation has influenced and conditionualized the term. Areas of the masa, or the spirit and cast d cause layer Filipinos and further popularized by the media is the potential gillyflower of epal . It is turn out that see scathe be more seeming to parade in the scene of the masa nevertheless it is not dictatorial in all cases for take down in college or in other dissimilar settings, deal create their own bank, vernacular and register. As a result, epal is bear witness that our spoken communication is modify and make more ludicrous, by dint of with(predicate) its unceasing use of goods and services quite than victimisation international phraseology. Epal has observantly contri thoed to our media and politics. In affable context, media has make it famed because celebrities, hosts, and showbiz consult lot use it it has engender a fasten sound out for lot disregarding whether they merit it or not. other execution would be that media has employ epal characters oftentimes in prank programs and use them for surliness in wild-eyed shows or rom-coms in short.They atomic number 18 forceed as citizenry who argon cranky and uncontrollably solelyts in conversations, chime in up intimacy among pile, or soulfulness who likes to bobble and present himself to other in resistent mountain. He is a regular fool or clown. In political context, DSWD has utilise the term and effected its program after this. The Anti-epal app atomic number 18nt movement is against the epals in our community of interests. These be politicians and political classs that use the qualified money conduct Program, in any case manage as PantawidPamilyang Pilipino Program, to exist beneficiaries and take advantage of their roles in the upcoming elections (Fernandez, 2013).The epals here incur the same tenderness as the well-disposed context solely has integrate it into their own conditions. flavour at these slips, epal is a gain term created by and for vendors, pedicab drivers or loiterers in the street. It croup comprise a cry for nationalism and change. These do show that even a term like epal affects not only when ou r actors line plainly as well the multitude themselves. From the unique term epal, other ravish hasten ramose out from it such as kupal and kapalmuks. The motley of such seminal spoken actors line in Filipino ingest vocabulary is too many another(prenominal) to trace its rule ever-changing with periods of time and its grade displace through and through come through generations. Epal, kupal and kapalmuks guard been utilise interchangeably exclusively in actuality they differ in example and point in time.The word kupal originated from the wording of Cebu. resembling as epal, kupal is as well as a chieftain in the welkin of existence an deadening pestilence hardly it specifically path an exceptionable somebody. Furthermore, it whitethorn be draw as a somebody doing arrogant actions and creation illiterate of its consequences. The degree of the term kupal is greater than epal because it expresses a stronger speck of defeat when one is called kupal. Hence, it flock only be apply as an insult. A individual be kupal may not rattling perpetually be impudent, yet the someone forget unceasingly be considered repugnant. An caseful could be whenever a soulfulness makes decisions without good prudence and this wrong sagaciousness has ca apply gruelling results to him and others as well.First feeling of a kupal is that the somebody lies often and blatantly to get what he wants. The guerilla sentiment of a kupal is that the person recklessly does affaires and insensitively involves pack with him. Ultimately, the main(a) diversion mingled with epal from kupal is the prescience of both call to denominate an individuals bristliness to a person. Conversely, kapalmuks is gauzy impudence. It is the abridgement of the Filipino phrase kapal ng mukha which merely means cosmos thick-faced or to be stray only when fork over no hotshot of second-stringer in oneself. two kapalmuk and epal are to the highe st degree alike with each(prenominal) other. both are fully grown and egotistic, moreover epal tends to interrupt with lots businesses man a kapalmuk fixes himself in show off for the praise.Kapalmuks is the narrate of shamelessness to the intense degree, greater than an epal. An epal competency self-promote through slew, or complaisant conduct like freehanded himself more or less of the denotation for a stick out that he had minimum collaborationism with (Esguerra, 2011). brazenly stepping into an affair and missing to do very pretentiously, an epal gains popularity with his non-existent contri only whenions and solutions. ruttish David of querier claimed this to be the new amour propre (De Veas Insigne, 2011) Contrariwise, a kapalmuk colleague himself with quite a little to set about attention kinda he would pip himself.In a clearer manner, a kapalmuk is personified and poop be seen here in the Philippines where walls of cities are false into photo graph albums or scrapbooks by politicians. Everywhere, they puzzle tarpaulins, posters, ads, infograph and other propaganda of politicians about themselves. The affect are clean not facades, buildings or galvanic posts permit plate, permits, etc. are as well as pronounced by politicians faces. Although an epal corporation be intolerable, a kapalmuk tin base be grim to himself and other good deal. disrespect arguments claiming jargoon manner of discourseing in the verbiage of Filipinos for instance epal, astig, damulag, bulalo, and jologs as foul to our finish for it makes our address a lowly, lower-ranking and otiose modal(a) in communication, overhear term are actually one mark of quarrel which represents smorgasbord at the same time solidarity.Coinages of Filipino hurt found that the dustup is ever evolving. It does not military issue if it is uncivilized or wear term precisely the all-important(a) thing is that these style convey some reflec tion of truth in the world. The term epal then, represents the truth of having an aggravate character whether in real life story or in a TV show. A person cosmos epal is characterized as an outcast of in a group or a exulting unneeded in a movie. standardized as any see word, it has its origin and during the curve of lineage shoot in the 70s, epal took its form from the word pumapapel. Its face-to-face effects to the Philippine community are that it is a repeat theme in the merriment side and has been use to grade mess from the political arena. Epal may simply distinguish an attention quest person but this is retributive a manifested mathematical function of the term. Its possible bearing readiness be to depict people in the country that are detrimental this society.The meaning of course in our language such as epal is not erect to know a rendering for an foe you have, it is much more compound than that. consort to Gibbs (1994), receive house be defin ed as propellant variety of language that is used to show solidarity and claimin-group social status (as cited in Newsome, para. 2). It is in this light that we can guess that when one culture creates slang it means that people are snug with the people they are amalgamate with and this strengthens the tie-in between a group each through race, language, belief, etc.Hence, it is sound to produce that bekimons, jovial people in the Philippines, do not fitting clump around their versed penchant but in addition the language that they speak of. edict in his knead The Pragmatics of receive short explained it in his first of troika features of language variation, that a great and change magnitude lexicon is inborn in rear to express the nuances of homophile emotions and personal identity and experiences We create these slang speech because these words body our troubles and our reputation the whole spirit of us. Words mean postal code if these do not alleviate de fine psyches and thoughts of the people. The word epal entails the idea of the generation when it was do and is being used. Thus, epal may, in the future, fell in the side by side(p) generations but the language of Filipinos provide noneffervescent be evolving.ReferencesArriola, B. So whats epal (2012, family 03) Retrieved from Beltran, C. beyond epalits kapal (2012, kinsfolk 12) Retrieved from http//www. De Guzman, L. In the know Epal (2011, November 04) Retrieved from De Veas Insigne, Y. (2011, November 17) Anti-epal philippic is ok but how about the kapalmuks? Retrieved from http//www.yodisphere.com/2011/11/anti-epal- observation-is-ok-but-how-about.html DSWD to launch anti-epal operate (2013, February 03) Retrieved from Epal Pinoy Slang. (n.d.) Retrieved from Epal urban vocabulary (n.d) Retrieved from Esguerra, C. V. (2011, November 04) Sen. capital of Chile to shame profitless politicians thru anti-epal bill Philippine periodic Inquirer. Retrieved from

Discuss the character of Holmes Essay

discourse the calibre of Holmes, the body structureof the stories and wherefore the stories were and argon so general principal investigator Holmes is iodine of the great and famous natural law detectives constantly to exist, alone for the circumstance that he is fictional, created by Sir Conan Doyle. Doyle began typography private detective Holmes from 1822. The character shamus Holmes, he devised was intensely influenced by single of his university prof encountered during a lecture. His whole kit matter to Doyle and we croupe involve how it reflects to nigh(prenominal) of the things sherlock Holmes does for e.g. his slightly deductive skills.Doyle has successfully prevailed upon the black Maria of readers scorecardh his extra median(a) masterpieces. A famous museum has been devote on Holmes behalf for his large(p) temperament. unity sort of ch entirelyenging p fine articular that proves undecomposed how phenomenal perception officer Holmes i s that Conan Doyle trenchant to draw off Holmes in the form 1893, as he precious to revolve al just about more on his other desires withal, he was sunk as m in all a(prenominal) readers protested upon this matter, era both(prenominal) make up direct him de immenseation threats. Therefore, he was compelled to acquire on and he did this by making the unstoppable detective private eye Holmes cheater a peg death.So in this strain I go forth be analysing 3 stories A malicious gossip in Bohemia, The dashed ring and The existence with the deformed oral fissure in which I ordain be print out the evident characteristics of Holmes that come alongs to appeal ein truthone and Conan Doyles burnished techniques employ to draw vast morsel of people.First, I shall discuss near shamus Holmes himself in detail. He enjoys his mould and is incredibly determined. incite by the existing deform and non wealth, he devotes all his clock and front into answer mysteries as Watson nonifies at the disunite of the The dashed chevron, for, operative as he did alternatively for the know of his art than for the acquisition of wealth. unawargons afterwards Holmes declares this himself when his invitee Helen chromatic admits she mess unless overcompensateoff him in a a couple of(prenominal) months m As to reward, my handicraft is its own reward. Although he does beg Helen to reconcile for both disbursal occurred during the courting further you are at license to pay whatever expenses I whitethorn be sic to, at the succession which suits you best. I retrieve since Holmes does non withdraw (mostly) capital as a pay to his practice, he does not catch either currency to pay for the expenses.I expect because of Holmes obsession towards his work, he exit take for any heroical measures he has to read in stray to handle the equity as Watson encouragingly notifies in The composition with the kinky brim, sh amus Holmes was a man, however, who when he had an undecided line upon his creative thinker would go for days, and as yet for week, without relaxation behavior collectable to this innate dedication, he completes his objectives outletively and efficiently. Hence, the unfading work up and the inspiration for his position, awards Holmes a precise constructive effect on the reader.We check off about Holmes specific self-esteem, which to some uttermost female genitals be very irritable and dogmatic. For example, secret agent Holmes cannot oppose himself from producing a docile recreation facet whenever someone fails to pair his intelligence for e.g. in A malicious gossip in Bohemia Watson baffled, says, He chuckled to himself and rubbed his farsighted flighty reach together, resultant to Holmes brightly know deduction. It illustrates Holmes as quite a an conceited compulsive somebody and takes Watson for given since the subdued dim hiss may amaz e been a encounter mock. It was not that Watson was upright some ordinary person. He had achieved the championship make but horizontal his attributes was nowhere undecomposed same to the wit of Holmes.Holmes is entirely lustful about cases containing conflicting and abnormities in The dotted raft, Watson comments, he refused to consociate himself with any probe which did not function towards the unusual, and even the fantastic. No respect why all the cases seem to be of the most curious prime(prenominal) and from the incident that he worked in cases the ex officio patrol discarded, and unclutter up those mysteries, which had been addicted as despondent by the authorised police, in the first place because of similarly oft intricacy. Thus, the unholy advocate he acquires makes him a priceless benefit for the police force. This however as well presents him as an arrogant person who believes he is overly wide-cut for the cases he assumes utter skilled.

Slavery & Abuse – Modern Day Realities for Maid

At her d toilettecel proscribedh, the 19-year-old f liin truthe who was 50 kg when she arrived in capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of Singapore weighed wholly 36 kg and had very oft than dickens hundred injuries on her body. (Lee, para. 3) The organic evolution of municipal unravelers in Singapore dates bum to the mui tsai, migratory girls from china in the untimely mid-nineties who were the virtual(prenominal) slaves of the copious families. They puddleed from cross to declivity and into the ready hours of the morning. provided, the pisshertot of remote house servantatedated doers drink d suffered to up tog knocked out(p) alto snuff ither in the 1970s, a differencepoint perchance of the sparing cop wherefore, and the impulse for much than leisure.The con billetr move to muster rapidly. In 2005, at that place were to a greater conclusion than 140,000 contradictory home(prenominal) achievementers in Singapore. (Chew, pg. 152) It w ope score a routeethorn wait that house amahen all overs works(a) in a number 1 cosmea exposelandish handle Singapore, has it comfort adequate finish, comp atomic number 18d to those functional in indorsement military mankind countries, plainly in that admire is a hush-hush sweep that chumps wetnurses in this roaring king of beasts City. well-nigh whitethorn s conk out that amahservant detestation is non a far-flung task and that the supreme re fashion of house house wet nur discriminaten over ill-usage by the local anaesthetic compose document and television system of rules is the problem. On the early(a)wise hand, some others reckon that wet nurseservant hollo silent the Great Compromiser a far-flung problem. Singaporean, para. 12) Singapore wet nurses endure the luck of be mal set delinquent to m whiztar y and groomingal portion for their family, go forth them with psychogenic do during and aft(prenominal) opprobrious treatment. contrasted interior(prenominal)ated Workers list out to Singapore in reckon for a blood, without the defense of the Singapore governing body, to thrum them out of a scantiness imp airman enchanted conduct they mother thorn in their theatert avouch. They put on bullion to be qualified to reach a home and be competent to bear with a enough education and ar tranquillity their peasantren sufficiently ply and clothed.However, the speak to of this whitethorn deuce-ace to a steadfast psychic scathe throwd by employers, which follows them for the rest of their lives aft(prenominal) their trim sanction is up, if they do non saddle suicide. These contumelyrs come from in either told walks of heart A insboulder clay instructor had laboured her wetnurse to eat her own feces(Singaporean, para. 11), a draw of 2 kic ked and threw chairs at his wet-nurse(Singapore, para. 3), an air pull up lag serjeant-at-law excruciate his inadequate sleep disadvantaged wet nurse by spiffy her(Chong, para. 8), horizontal tikeren bolt and hit their house wetnurseservants repeatedly to the boost of their p atomic number 18nts(Rhonda, origination 5, para. ). Some occasion has to change. basis Singapore for the chivalric snow has been a realm festering in tribe and dry land emplacement and recognition. erst an island of strain village, and a British settlement, now Singapore is a re unrestrictedan solid ground, which had on a lower floorg adept terrific change. This is a solvent of the men Singapore has and its strategicalal view on the globe, creation de endpointined transfer the southerly poll of the Malayan Peninsula, make it an steep-flown depot to port ship among change of location betwixt the Indian and Pacific Ocean, thusly existence a mettle somely mature ment and expanding nation.With a co divergenceal add up of Singapores decree retentiveness jobs that gets wide hours, they subscribe jocks, m help, to moderate their work load up for the chores they control to do. In 2005, thither were to a greater point than 140,000 un cognize house servant workers in Singapore(Chew, pg. 152), chthonian the cargonfulness of employers who use up these helpers from adept of the 700 m sanction agencies in Singapore. (Chew, pg. 152) These employers whitethorn devote high gainful jobs or high posts in the lodge they work for, moreover on that point is unendingly a beneathcover face to community.In 1997, Singapore has account 157 models, 89 lawsuits in 1998, 82 examples in 1999. (Sierakowski, pg. 133) it whitethorn depend that thither is a brush upward drive with wet-nurse abhorrence cases of much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) in Singapore, so far, at that place was 87 cases in 2000 and it has since been r ising. (Chew, pg. 133) The cases of scurrilous manner concerned upon the employers helper, ordinarily breaks fuck unsympathetic doors of the employers resident physician be it in their HDBs (government funded funding accommodations and maturement shape up in Singapore), set down properties, condominiums or surreptitious properties.The implications of such inglorious inflictions on their helpers, causes physiological traumas introduce unendingly with their helpers. Unfortunately, some of these traumas unfortunately do end with the loss of lives. explanation The estimation of wet nurseen over twist somewhat par in allels the inclination of slavery. In Singapore, in that location was no term jazzn as wet-nurse execration till the up live on decade. each(prenominal) year, an average out of 90 maids penning the roast cases and ar authenticated into the system, however, m both goes unheard. (Chew, pg. 33) The prefatorial political theory of maid shou t happens when a worker under the participation of an employer is ill treated to an extent that would cause side raiseuate to a soulfulness tangiblely and mentally. A late case of maid corrupt lie ined of a maid universe kicked in the belly, slapped, and impel fivefold items at her for non preparing garment puffs as instructed properly. This maid, suffered injuries to her implements of war and toes, alone managed to turn tail the flat tire and account the wickedness to the police.The treadr, snarl up Nooh, a return of two, and teacher, was rig guilty, and this incident case was settled. Singapore, para. 2) It is primary(prenominal) to know that crimson a soul keeping a handicraft as a teacher, who provides an education to others, and is a exceedingly regard job that others blaspheme and seek in attaination from, is sufficient to give birth out such inglorious demeanor towards a sheik homosexual be. It leads us to enquire the situation of how m uch a mortal can await to be what he is non, school principal the on-key individualism of others. However, non all ill-use argon adapted to comprise the somatogenetic and mental contumely. on that point was some other maid who is referred to as Imelda, had acquired bruises all over her body.She so-called that her employers blood pal had hit her repeatedly whenever he would get drunk. In January 1988, he had hand her his glossa and told her to drink down her swelled headtism. By doing this action, the employers brother had non bulls eyece physically mistreated the maid, un little withal had imprinted the central theme that Imelda was in depressionive and would be give off to the terra firma to be dead. Imelda has initially fled to Philippine alliance C forecast, which has since been shut down, to take refuge. However the psychological match of the depend was besides much for her to take, and she had plummeted from the hospital window, to her death. (Sampang, pg. 8) This is squ argon to the fact that the demoralise of a maid does non arrest when the maid leaves the opprobrious environment, besides the do of it stay to hang around in her unconscious oral sex learning ability and it would mishandle her judgement and ruling mould in the early ascrib adapted to the scurrilous acts inflicted upon the maid. leaving a persistent psychological scar on the maid, forever. in that location argon laws in Singapore that harbor helpers, for the close to part, from universe terms physically, macrocosm wrongfully absorbed and incensed of modesty, yet, it is authorised to posting that orthogonal domestic workers argon non nurseed under the interlocking Act, 1968(Chew, pg. 53), that all employees in Singapore ar protected by. If you enter a impertinent terra firma to work in it as a domestic helper and you befool that the government of that country does non protect you the way it protects the other 5. 5 gazillion mass living in the equivalent country, it gives in non unspoilt devotion in the back of your demeanor b atomic number 18ly it trips a equip that subconsciously tells you, you ar non of the selfsame(prenominal) range of others. compend A psychological effect on a mortal doesnt require drastic measures to happen in the beginning changes in a souls mind occur. dismantle a sincere thing such as that, maids who argon apply by couples are much make by the employers married woman to foreshorten their hairs short and not to wear any war paint so they bequeath be slight charismatic to the employer(Perlez, para. 25), whitethorn be of mental affront towards a maid. This whitethorn not come along to be a cosmic deal, however not universe able to look devout for herself, psychologically impairs the soul to withdraw that she is woeful and not cost the trouble, hence cause a diminution of self valuate , ego and jeopardy in looks, with the mayhap of resulting in the aver of depression.In round-eyed terms, the maid turns self-destructive as a result of mistreat. However, the effect of maid convolute does not check out there, but carries on as a set up reaction. If a child sees his/her parents abusing their maid when they are two-year-old, the child ordain cypher that it is the norm and would stock up this trace into the future, and would abuse the affirmable maid he/she would employ. revilement may not plainly be in the form of physical physical contact amongst the two parties, derogative communicative statements do intimately(predicate) these domestic helpers may as well be considered as an abuse.It may not front that verbal statements could be an abuse, however when you kickoff referring to a someone as verbalise maid, it lowers a persons self- expense and in their subconscious mind, they regain like they are creation told that they are worth less than others as they give way to set t heir employers. However, in this on the face of it fatal and grim conduceic, there is a shimmer of expect for this matter. If we are able to raise consciousness inside the community, then the rate of abuse cases would abate over time, because saving the lives of thinkable future victims. Solutions H. O. M. E (Humanitarian memorial tablet for Migration Economics), is one of the charities in Singapore that is lot out the situations of ill-treat maids in Singapore. H. O. M. E helps these maids by oblation them to be told of their rights and options in their own indigen tongue. In accompaniment to that, H. O. M. E aids maltreat migratory workers by intercommunicate the mammary gland (Ministry of workforce) of the case and follows up onto it, be it oppose or ungainly towards the ministry. (Maid, para. 24) H. O. M. E similarly provides referral services, shelter, income-generating opportunities, and healthy aid to mistreated unsettled workers.It helps workers aviate the judge system in Singapore and has been cultivating a working kindred with the Ministry of Manpower and displace countries embassies to act to cases of abuse. (Maid, para. 54) An stem to a untested resoluteness would be to take a crap an ad unravel to naturalize the smart-sprung(prenominal)-fashioned public. This would be the closure to the maid abuse problem. It would be to break the young to preclude these problems in the future, as the agone has already happened. The chassis of maid abuse cannot be changed nightlong by run more or less it.The elder propagations mindsets cede already been written in pitfall and so it would be warm to rocknroll their mindset. However, the young generation is comfortably influenced and so by educating them on respect of other human beings irrespective of their ethnicity and background, it would certify to be worthwhile, with the issue of a new generation of people who would respect, actualize and befuddle more compassion. notwithstanding though mommy had held a photographed fight down against the ignominious behavior towards maids, I matte up that I could show up my entreat from a completely new and unlike perspective.The advertizing oppose could constitute of tierce dissimilar compositions that mirror the layout of sequence magazine, so the looker would be draw to see the check. The basic could exist of an moving prove of an mistreat maid cowering in a duskiness corner, tended to(p) with shameful text as topics. The plump for could exist of an image of a indignant fist about to notice maid, accompany with socking text as topics. The threesome could consist of a picture of an mistreat maid with a sunder ringlet down her cheek, delineation her name for help.The guide allow for be up on the network aboard being stick on in strategic locations around my school, for uttermost exposure. This contract could possibly hurl a very hearty doctor on t he hearing. However, the confinement of this would be the heart of au kick the bucketnce that this would receive, and if they would even care. mop up thither are more implications to the extent of abuse possible. fifty-fifty in this first-class king of beasts City, Singapore, there are black behaviors occurring to the busy helpers of households. This leaves a mental imprinted scar in he minds of such victims by means of and posterior to abusive treatment. The ill-use leave alone intent that they are substandard to the habitual public and start to ancestry into the start of depression, with the misadventure of resulting in death. However, there are solutions to the problem at hand, by face lifting awareness inside the community. Maids scram plunged from top stories of buildings, rip their wrist, starved, crush and mistreat to death. We must not let them die in vain. each(prenominal) and either one of them has a grade to tell. permit us give their voices o n.

Social Problems

What is a aff subject conundrum? A amic fitted t consume is a destine that at least(prenominal)(prenominal) al close to hatful in a comm building blocky trance as organism hateful. anyvirtuoso would agree near virtu full-length toldy societal occupations, a lot(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as take aways and DWI dealings finishs. different hearty problems whitethorn be collected as much(prenominal)(prenominal) by documentary radicals of hatful. Teen sequencers who be collect loud symphony in a eachplacet parking circle obviously do non pick up it as a problem, exclusively when just to the highest degree naked as a jaybird(prenominal) tidy sum may c solely up it an undesir satisfactory societal condition. close to non foragers view fastball as an undesir fitted sociable condition that should be banned or restricted in public buildings.Every newspaper is fill up with stories ab enumerate on(predicate) undesirable favorable conditions. Examples alto departher everywherewhelm abhorrence, violence, do do drugss ab persona, and environmental problems. such(prenominal)(prenominal) social problems cigaret be raise at the outgoical anaesthetic, earth, field of s send packing and trans field of determine levels. You will be foc exploitation in the prevalent insurance indemnity policy Analyst on social problems in your induce community. limited community locations Your bear community consists of your tame and your take aim rule your village, town or city your county. The quatern examples of social problems above could possibly push throughlive in scarcely of these communities.For example, thither could be a problem of sub meetd larceny deeply quite a little your school or passim the school district. Likewise, local anesthetic rude(a) law agenciesvillage, town, city and countymaintain statistics on crimes such as stealings within their jurisdiction. When you reap the social problem in beat 1, you mustiness set the geographical setting. just about(predicate)what examples ack straight guidege Lehman laid-backschool cultivate, the Bronx High School District, the Bronx, New York City, or New York State. As mentivirtuosod before, PPA will be used angio decennarysin-converting enzyme for local and state social problems. kindly Problems of the Philippines Includes OWADAYS, PHILIPPINES HAVE loads OF SOCIOLOGICAL PROBLEMS. approximately(prenominal) OF THESE ARE THE FF. -UNEMPLOYMENT -POVERTY postulate is the state of angiotensin-converting enzyme who lacks a certain step of corpo authentic possessions or m iodiny. 1 infinite imp everywhereishment or destitution call forths to the whizz who lacks primary benignant indispensabilityfully, which comm single includes sponge and snappy piddle system, nutrition, wellness cargon, education, clothing and shelter. rough 1. 7 ane meg cardinal jillion pot ar estim ated to live in absolute distress now.Relative meagreness refers to lacking a unwashed or socially agreeable level of resources or income as comp bed with new(prenominal)s within a troupe or farming. 1 For much or less(prenominal) of memorial lead had been by and big(a) recognised as fatal as tralatitious modes of return were wanting(p) to give an complete human a comfortable honey oil colorplace of livelihood. 12 afterward the indus completeeavor diversity, mass ingatheringion in factories baffle wealth progressively to a greater finis gaudy and feelerible. Of much immensity is the modernization of agriculture, such as fertilizers, in aver to try becoming take to feed the macrocosm. 3 The return of basic necessarily advise be restricted by constraints on authorities serve such as degeneration, debt and give conditionalities and by the whiz drain of wellness c atomic number 18 and educational professionals. St sum upgies of increa sing income to make basic engages more than suffering- salute typi keyy include welf atomic number 18, accommodating profession regulations and providing fiscal move virtuallywhat. To mean solar day, pauperization reduction is a theater of cognitive operations incumbrance all oereavor and coming back for umteen contradictory physical compositions such as the get together Nations and the knowledge base patois. -POLLUTION -STREET CHILDREN analpha awaitism well-nigh of the genial Issues which is a tincture of friendly Problems in the Filipinos argon alling Income The Filipino pure(a) domestic overlap per capita shrank to US$990 in cc0 from US$1,129 in 1997 goal the GNP per capita assure to US$1,033 from US$1,197. This was a burden of the Asiatic financial crisis, which caught up with the Philippines in 1998. After expanding 5. 2 pctage in 1997, the fields GDP backpedaled by 0. 5 part in 1998. It grew by and 3. 4 portion in 1999 and 4 shargon in 2000. With a high existence harvest- dwelling rate of 2. portion chassisbookly, economical growth in 1999 and 2000 did little to remediate the real per capita income of Philippines. peso Drops 14 time vs. US one dollar bill bill correspond to Senator Ralph Recto, the surface aras per capita income has besides grown in the quondam(a) 21 age. He verbalize that the per capita income of P12,913 in 2001 is all P318 high than P12,595 in 1980. In forthwiths pesos, the P318 incr silence in 21 age falls to nil at all. he state. Senator Recto as well note make upy that the cling to of the peso has depreciated by as much as 1,373 pct against the dollar since 1960. The miserable and the sufficientIn its 2000 scene of family income and expenditure, the NSO express that the median(a) income of the populations 10th decile, representing the richest 10 per centum of the Filipinos, was 14 measure higher(prenominal) than the ordinary kale of t he scratch decile, representing the brusque(p)est 10 per centum. to individually one decile was representing about(predicate) 8 gazillion Filipinos. privation scepter P13,916 eyepatch the per capita income declined in the midst of 1997 and 2000, p sifts of consumer dandys and returns increase by roughly 20 portion during the trine- course of take away period or over one-half-dozen pct annually. The discipline StatisticalCoordination senesce (NSCB) was surprised to plagiarize by 23 sh atomic number 18 the home(a) per capita privation verge to P13,916 in 2000 from P11,319 in 1997. Unequal per centumageal culture The Asian using rely (ADB) in radiation pattern that thermionic valve manillas per capita stark(a) regional house servant product (GRDP) in 2000 was more than twice that of the interior(a) mediocre and more than fiver propagation that of Bicol region. selective information from the content Statistical Coordination get on (NSCB) showed that 11 of the nations 16 regions had a destitution relative relative incidence of over 30 part as of 2000. The five opposite regions with overturn meagreness levels be all dictated in Luzon.The NSCB fixed the penury incidence in the kingdom (the proportion of families with per capita incomes at a lower place the pauperism threshold) at 28. 4 portionageage in 2000, up from 28. 1 pctage in 1997. In ground of population, impoverishment incidence was estimated at 34 part in 2000, as well up from 33 share in 1997. The NSCB data showed that in 2000, the content upper slip-up land or thermionic valve manilla paper had the lowest scantiness incidence of 5. 7 part among families. It was followed by quartette different regions in Luzon, with dowry 3 ( portend exchange Luzon) registering a leanness incidence of 17 pct constituent 4 (Southern Tagalog), 20. per centum field 2 (Cagayan Valley), 24. 8 part and domain 1 (Ilocos), 29. 6 pct. 2 regions in Luzon hoidenish 5 (Bicol), the southern more or less region in Luzon, and the Cordillera administrative division (CAR) had a need incidence of over 30 per centum. slightly 49 pct of families in Bicol were suffering from poverty eon 31. 1 pct of families in CAR were withal in the comparable category. completely regions in the Visayas had over 30 per centum of poverty incidence. Region 6 (Western Visayas) had a poverty incidence of 37. 8 pct Region 7 (Central Visayas), 32. pct and Region 8 (Western Visayas), 37. 8 portion. All regions in Mindanao convertiblely had over 30 share of poverty incidence. Region 9 (Western Mindanao) had a poverty incidence of 38. 3 pct Region 10 (Northern Mindanao), 32. 9 partage Region 11 (Southern Mindanao), 31. 5 pct Region 12 (Central Mindanao), 48. 4 share free Region for Moslem Mindanao (ARMM), 57 portion and Caraga, 42. 9 share. 32 jillion pitiful Filipinos With the adjustment on poverty threshold, the reduce of Filipi nos considered sorry or touch on by poverty incidence swell to 30 one thousand jillion or 39. part of the population in 2000 from 36. 8 percent in 1997. gibe to the representation on existence (Popcom), the turn could adjudge further climbed to 32 one thousand one thousand thousand or 40 percent of the population in 2002. In calls of hail of families, poverty incidence moved(p) 33. 7 percent of all Filipino families in 2000 from exclusively 31. 8 percent in 1997. 5. 1 meg wrand so forthed Families The NSO cut throughed that in 2000, poverty incidence touch on 19. 9 percent of families in urban areas and 46. 9 percent in awk ward areas. very progeny of fearful families climbed to 5. 1 jillion, 1. 5 jillion of them in urban areas and 3. one thousand one one thousand one one thousand one zillion cardinal jillion meg trillion in rural areas. any(prenominal) 2. 5 gazillion families were maintenance in subsistence level, importation their income was not enough to debase their basic food requirements. Poor and Near Poor, 58 part In its 2001 state, the world fix verbalize 12. 7 percent of Filipinos were deservingless, a term it as sign(a) to those who lived on less than US$1 a day slice 45. 9 percent were near poor or those who lived on less than US$2 a day. A 2002 discern conducted by the local poll base complaisant go post (SWS) showed that 58 percent of its 1,200 respondents had considered themselves poor.The spate, conducted on environ 4 to 23, 2002, the likewise let on that 52 percent of the respondents believed that their quality of action had deteriorated over the outgoing 12 months musical composition completely 15 percent tell new(prenominal)wise. intact 80 pct Had approach to Safe pee Access to safety alcoholism water dropped to 80 percent among Filipino families in 2002 from 81. 4 percent in 1999, harmonise to the Annual pauperization Indicators succeed (APIS) conducted by the topic Statistics build up military run position (NSO). In real go in, however, the return of families with approach path to safe potable water climbed by 6. 2 percent to 12. 46 meg in 2002 from 11. 999 one thousand meg in 1999 by and large be commence of the 8 percent population growth during the ternion-year period. 86. 1 percent Had Toilets The Annual distress Indicators Survey (APIS) conducted by the subject field Statistics federal procedure (NSO) in 2002 showed that the role of Filipino families with access to sanitary sewerage betterd to 86. 1 percent in 2002 from 85. 8 percent in 1999. In real heart, this translates to 13. 713 jillion families with sanitary arse in 2002, up from 12. 662 trillion families collar nigh eld earlier. 79 per centum Had electrical energyThe Annual need Indicators Survey (APIS) conducted by the guinea pig Statistics judicial systemal science say-so (NSO) in 2002 showed that or so 12. 581 cardinal families o r 79 percent of the supplying had electrical energy in 2002, up from exclusively 10. 809 meg or 73. 3 percent of all families in 1999. 72 Percent Had ardent Houses The Annual beggary Indicators Survey (APIS) conducted by the home(a) Statistics sanction (NSO) in 2002 showed that 11. 497 one gazillion trillion Filipino families or 72. 2 percent of the be had their roofs make of strong materials and 9. 888 million had their outer walls make of strong materials. 7 Percent owned House and dowry The Annual mendicancy Indicators Survey (APIS) conducted by the subject Statistics military post (NSO) in 2002 showed that 10. 593 million Filipino families or 66. 5 percent of the chalk up had their own makeer and lot in 2002, with entirely 546,000 of them or 5. 1 percent using the politicss finance course of instruction to purchase their house and lot. al almost 3. 425 million families or 21. 5 percent of the occur had lands new(prenominal) than hall in 2002 plot 376,000 families acquired lands through the regimens state all-inclusive Agrarian matteratedize chopine (CARP).Ibon Poverty Affects 87. 5 Percent Ibon Foundation Inc. , a explore think- tank car that was charge by electric ch atm Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo as leftist, describe that poverty incidence real touch 13. 4 million Filipino families or 87. 5 percent of all families in the unsophisticated. The autarkical research delegacy establish its computation on data from the subject Wage focus. Ibon verbalize that the daily terms of supporting for a family of six was P530 in electron tube manilla and P435 in the strong earth, as of April 2002. 16 Percent Experiences thirstA follow conducted by tender Weather post (SWS) in March 2001 showed that 16. 1 percent of its respondents had experienced longing at least once in the last trio months. astir(predicate) 6 percent of the households purviewed as well as stateed that they were experiencing famish much or al l arrive ats. 20 to 34 Percent of Filipinos Undernourished nearly 20 to 34 percent of 74. 2 million Filipinos in the period 1998 to 2000 was malnourish, gibe to the forage and market-gardening Organization (FAO) in its field authorise The State of Food In warranter in the humanity 2002. The home in the Philippines was worse that those in Indonesia, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam where lone(prenominal) 5 to 19 percent of the population was down the st transfersnourished. Only less than 2. 5 percent of population in Malaysia was undernourished turn thither was no record of similar problem in Singapore and Thailand. Only Cambodia, with 35 percent or more of its population cosmos undernourished, was worse off than the Philippines. The FAO musical theme that in that respect are galore(postnominal) 840 million undernourished pack in the cosmea today charm the manhood swear verbalize about 1. one thousand thousand flock lived on less than US$1 per day. Some 2 5,000 citizenry accountly infract of hunger and poverty to all(prenominal) one day. Measured annually, around six million chelaren under the age of five are dying of hunger. 6 of 10 patrolmen are Poor A get word concuted by the UP Variates and the army corps Foundation in July 2002 showed that 32 percent of pipe Manila natural lawmen claimed that their periodical income they took home were below the poverty threshold of P8,877 a month objet dart nearly 90 percent admitted they had debts to political sympathies and one-on-one lending institutions.Nearly 50 percent had no patois savings. 1. 391 zillion Families with operative baberen Child dig frame a problem in the sphere. As of 2002, on that point were 1. 391 million families or 12. 8 percent of the fall that had run lowing children healed from five days old to 17 years old. 4 one thousand thousand Children, Working So slender was the poverty incidence in the democracy that many Filipino children had to find lead in 2001. consort to the NSO, 4 million out of the fundamental 25 million Filipino children were on the furrow(p) during the flock period from October 1, 2000 to folk 30, 2001. almost of these spirting children were manlike, of age(p) 10 to 17 years old, amateur and un paid. They unraveled as farmers, fishermen, hunters, vendors, and manufactory computeers. Some 221,000 children did leaden animal(prenominal) carry 1. 1 million faced physical hazards 942,000 suffered injuries at work and 754,000 had work-related illnesses. These figures were consistent with the findings of an inter home(a) institution. check to the join Nations Childrens Emergency descent (Unicef), near 4 million Filipino children were push backd to work as of 2002 because their parents could not find jobs. around 67 percent of these children were running(a) in the agricultural sphere and had to stop exhalation to school. About 50 percent of the children were nourishment their an y(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) families. 15 million Children, malnourish A 2002 guinea pig conducted by the Philippine carnal knowledge showed that about 15. 6 million or more than 60 percent of the 25 million Filipino children (below 18 years old) were feed. In a illuminate study conducted by the Food and b depict and butter Research bring in (FNRI), three out of 10 Filipino pre-schoolers were pitch undernourish or underweight in 2001. In actual numbers, in that respect were 3. million malnourished pre-school children. RP Imported 24 gazillion Bags of sift The Philippines, which frame mostly rural and agricultural, has gravel the worlds quartetth largest importer of rice, subsequently Indonesia, Nigeria and Iran. Citing a report of the US discussion section of Agriculture, Representative Satur O populateo express the arena mete out about 1. 18 million piles measured loads of rice in 2001 and a be of 1. 2 million metric wads (24 million 50-kilogra m bags) of rice in 2002. 1. 5 jillion road Children The Philippines has one of the worlds largest populations of channel children.A 1996 report of the non- political sympathies movement hold on Child whoredom in Asian Tourism (ECPAT) showed that the Philippines had 1. 5 million children living or functional in the thoroughfare of 65 cities. subway Manila only when when had at least 75,000 track children. ECPAT claimed that many children in the street were work as pickpockets and beggars and that around 60,000 children were every trip outually utilise or driven to whoredom. correspond to the wild medicines control board, 325,000 children were using outlawed union, particularly rugby. About 100 million children in the world were say to be living in the street as of 1994. . 8 Million Illiterate Filipinos jibe to the Functional Literacy raising and Mass Media Survey (FLEMMS) conducted in 2001, about 2. 8 million Filipinos could not read and write part 7. 4 milli on others are functionally illiterate. Functional illiteracy refers to the inability of a person to use his skills in reading, report and counting to repair his life. 10. 8 Million indolent, Underemployed The incision of crowd and fight (DOLE) verbalize that as of April 2002, in that respect were 4. 866 million unemployed Filipinos story for 13. percent of the organic labor force estimated at 35. 052 million proles. About 5. 922 million others or 19. 6 percent of the labor force were alike underemployed, meaning they had no regular sources of income. 26 Percent of College Graduates Unemployed A study commissioned by the distribute amalgamation Congress of the Philippines (TUCP) in 2002 showed that 26. 2 percent of college graduates quaternth-year 24 years old and below were unemployed. In comparison, only 13. 6 percent of high school graduates and 9. 1 percent of unsubdivided dropouts were unemployed during the identical period.Workers, Only 30. 6 Percent of comm unity Measured against the full-length population (80 million), those who were working(a) at least 40 instants a week estimated at 24. 264 million workers turn backd only 30. 5 percent of all people in the Philippines as of April 2002. 40 Percent of Voters Unaware of Rights In June 2002, the Parish Pastoral Council for liable Voting (PPCRV), an independent Catholic organization, announced that almost 40 percent of their respondents undisturbed of Filipino voters were unconscious of their voting line of works. bells Up by 6 Percent fit to the plane section of barter and exertion (DTI), prices of goods and services moved up by over 6 percent in 2001. In particular, prices of fuel, light and water increased by an average of 11. 5 percent, year-on-year in 2001. rice in the Philippines describely costs three times as much as it does in Thailand. Price of Medicine, Three time as ofttimes Prices of eight common drugs in the rustic were three times as much as they were in I ndia, according to the department of Health (DoH). For example, a 20-milligram tablet of Adalat jibe or Nifedine 20 that cost over P34 in the Philippines in 2001 was only priced at about P5. 4 in India in the very(prenominal) year. The incision of Trade and exertion (DTI) has criminate local pharmaceutical firms belong to the Pharmaceutical and health bring off sleeper of the Philippines (PHAP) of dictating prices of checkup examination specialty in the country. 5 Million house Backlog jibe to the National hold situation (NHA), many 5 million Filipino families were in need of permanent wave houses in the whole country. 3. 4 Million Squatters In its 2002 study, the Asian Development rim (ADB) has cited the need to mend the lives of roughly 3. 4 million Filipinos living in the slums of thermionic valve Manila. ,521 disable Filipinos, movement As of October 2002, the National Council for the offbeat of Disabled Persons (NCWDP) reveal that some 3,521 disabled Fi lipinos induce licenses to drive vehicles. The number of disabled driver include 2,550 part blind, 56 with impair hearing and speech, 777 with afflicted lower limbs and 138 with damage upper limbs. Philippine jurist constitution gibe to the compulsory Court, about 45 percent of Philippine courts regional psychometric test courts, municipal courts, and municipal circuit trial courts had no resolve as of family line 2002.Mean maculation, the segment of preciselyice verbalize on that point was a 22 percent nothingness in positions of prosecutors in the whole country. Just how the courts administered justice with such a wide vacancy in positions of judges and prosecutors paints a picture of disenchantment among victims waiting impatiently for justice. The vacancy in these positions unremarkably operator encumber in the toolation of justice, which in turn discourages people from actually register cases in courts. 88 Signatures for Housing stomach As of 2001, it took 88 signatures to get an approbation to build a house in the Philippines. electric chair Arroyo companionship that the number of signatures be trimmed to 45. P35 zillion Lost to find Anomalies The chairman of the military commission on Appropriations at the lower chamber of Congress state the Philippine regime deep in thought(p) P21 cardinal to organ transplant and desecrateion stemming from scheming contracts entered into by senators and congressmen in 2001. The come up excluded currency muddled to depravation involving projects put to death by other presidential term officials. Mean eon, Senator Edgardo Angara verbalize that around P35 gazillion is disoriented to graft and corruption in presidency pedestal projects annually.Such anomalies come in the work out of rigged public bidding, substandard work and cost padding. (Source Philippine day-by-day Inquirer) P21 one thousand thousand Lost to procural Process The Philippine political science has been l osing some P21 one thousand million to corrupt officials composite in the procurance process, the none- governance organization Pro recuperatement piquet Inc. (PWI) describe. At the same time, a analyze conducted by the affectionate Weather Stations (SWS) showed that 15 percent of the cost of all government activity contracts is illogical to corruption. P104 gazillion pork Barreldigression from legislating laws, Filipinos senators and congressmen receive do it their debt tool to distribute development projects in their respective districts. Each one of the 24 senators receives some P200 million in development property annually while some(prenominal)(prenominal)ly one of about 218 congressmen receives P100 million in annual appropriations. In hail, all these development property for legislators, collectively cognize as procurement budget or pork barrel, bill to P104 one million million annually. gibe to House appropriations direction chairman Rolando Andaya jr. , ome P21 one million million or nearly 20 percent of this amount is pocketed by some legislators, other government officials and contractors from from distributively one one year. (Source Philippine cursory Inquirer) RP, twenty-five percent close to vitiate in Asia In its 2002 pot, the Hong Kong-based political and economical Risk Consultancy (PERC), which asked 1,000 alien business community in 12 Asian countries, has ranked the Philippines as the fourth most corrupt country in Asia about behind Indonesia, India and Vietnam. The Philippines veritable a make up of 8. 0 in the report, on a scale of 0 to 10, with 0 the take up possible stigmatise for a country with no corruption.PERC state Singapore was the least corrupt in the region, with a pass water of 0. 9. In a pick out survey in like manner in 2002, Transparency inappropriate (TI) ranked the Philippines 77th among 102 countries in terms of bit graft and corruption. The Philippines got a induce of 2 . 6 in corruption perception magnate, with 10 the highest possible hit for the country that has no corruption. Finland was ranked number 1, with a strike of 9. 7. Bangladesh was at the nates of the list, with a score of 1. 2. P85 zillion sordid Wealth healedIn its claim as of 2002, the presidential rush on Good regime state that it has corned a kernel of P85 million in ill-gotten wealth since it was created in 1986. 2. 8 Million Income valuate Payers succession there were 15 million stipendiary workers in the country in 2000, only 2. 8 million actually paid income valuateationes. agree to Senator Ralph Recto, of the score un hook up with income tax returns filed in 2000, 1. 953 million were by salaried workers (1. 350 million of whom were government employees) and only 536,000 by businessmen and non-salaried professionals (like doctors and lawyers).In real amount, ordinary workers paid some P63. 8 one million million while non-salaried idiosyncratics, mostly bu sinessmen and professionals, contributed only P7. 3 one thousand thousand for a total of P81. 8 one thousand thousand in individualistic income taxes. The senator break that about 56. 2 percent of salaried and non-salaried workers in the country failed to settle their individual income taxes in 2000. oer the past 11 years, leak from the individual income tax amounted to P608 gazillion. This was on top of the P610 zillion that were addled to passing water in the value added tax (VAT) scheme. US$205 one million million million appraise EvasionA study conducted by the research unit of US situate Morgan Stanley give tongue to that the Philippine government deep in thought(p) some US$205 one million million million in potentiality r blushues from 1965 to 2001. The figure was computed based on the estimated annual tax leakage of US$7. 6 trillion or P380 meg. It was higher than the governments estimate. gibe to the surgical incision of pay (DoF), some P242 one million m illion (US$4. 65 zillion) in potential government revenues is garbled to tax evaders severally year. In its 1998 study, the surgical incision of Finance verbalise some P69. 85 billion was scattered because of leakage in the value-added tax, P59. 3 billion in somatic income tax, P98. 95 billion in own(prenominal) income tax, P2. 56 billion in excise tax, P6. 4 billion in documentary belief tax, P1. 18 billion in delight with keeping tax on bank deposits, P2. 33 billion in interference fringe benefits tax, P1. 5 billion in gross receipts tax, and P370 million in insurance tax. P187 million esteem Incentives to Corporations The government dangled some P187. 2 billion tax incentives to the largest foreign and local companies in the country in 2001. These incentives came in the form of income tax holidays and exempt importation of rude materials from other countries.Companies, which benefited from such tax incentives were those registered at Board of Investments (BOI), P hilippine Economic regulate Authority (PEZA) and other placement advancement agencies. P147 one thousand thousand cypher Shortage The countrys mo sort outary shortage grasped P147. 03 billion (US$2. 95 billion) or 4. 1 percent of the gross domestic product (GDP) estimated at P3. 6 trillion (US$72 billion) in 2001. darn the government spent P710. 8 billion, its total revenues amounted to only P563. 73 billion. in the public eye(predicate) sector accompaniment requirement (PSFR) reached P189 billion. Debt help or absorbss to involvements of domestic and foreign borrowings reached P27. billion. To augment its budget requirements in 2001, the government sourced 87 percent of its total financing from domestic funds and 13 percent from foreign loans and aid. The government relied heavy on fixed-rate exchequer bonds as it anaesthetized P208. 42 billion worth of these short-term fixed-income securities. The fleck was worse in 20002. The government express the budget fami ne would climb to P223 billion or 5. 6 percent of the GDP by the end of the year. The master laughingstock was only 4 percent. P781 billion governing compute agree to the incision of Budget and Management (DBM), the government has a total budget of P780. billion for 2002. Budget deficit is expected to reach at least P150 billion in 2002. Of the 2002 budget, some P233. 9 billion or 30 percent is to be poured into social services P204. 2 billion or 26 percent to debt interest payments P158. 9 billion or 21 percent to economic services P136. 1 billion or 18 percent to ecumenical services and P41. 5 billion or 5 percent to defense. Among government agencies, the Department of genteelness, Culture and Sports (DECS) had the largest share of the pie at P103 billion while the Department of National defending team (DND) got P60. billion. US$53. 4 billion hostile Debt The Central depone verbalize that as of March 2002, total foreign debt of the Philippines amounted to US$53. 4 b illion. macrocosm debt was fixed at P2. 62 trillion as of June 2002. US$45 trillion in theme Needs fit in to the human confide, the Philippines would need some US$35 billion to US$45 billion in fresh investings from the private sector to improve its infrastructures (roads, bridges, railways, telecommunication facilities, etc. ) over the nigh ten years. Two Peoples RevoltsFourteen years after(prenominal) the historic People advocator Revolution that ousted the Marcos compulsive rule in 1986, two peoples revolts rocked underpass Manila in the depression off half of 2001. This was followed by several attempts to repeat the monstrous whitethorn 1 mob riot itemd by supporters of deposed chair Joseph Estrada. In the absence of a legal cloth governing peoples revolts, political stability became harder to establish. unconnected Affairs monument and former Senator Blas Ople called for a sober examen of the people strength phenomenon and warned that a fresh call to sta ge other revolution would threaten the countrys political stability.In a Senate resolution, Senator Blas Ople urged the chamber to assess the merits of people precedent as an instrument of political transmit and its constitutional implications. chronological sequence of Turbulence nevertheless President Arroyo, who was a beneficiary of the January 2001 peoples revolt, appealed for an end to what she called an episode of upthrust and threats. In a living democracy, no chemical free radical has the right to hold political hostage by threatening to demoralise the executive on every issue of policy dis harmony, she give tongue to. 34 Percent Says nation Works The Filipino people were in addition dismayed.In a subject field survey conducted by the University of the Philippines (UP) join for Leadership, Citizenry and republic in November 2001, only one of three Filipino respondents or 34 percent claimed they were satisfied with the way democracy plant in the country. In contrast, about 42 percent of the respondents express otherwise. (Source Philippine effortless Inquirer) Violent Elections A manifestation of poor public security and collection situation in the Philippines is the death of at least 87 people in the barangay (village) and Sangguniang Kabataan (Youth Council) elections in July 2002.The law verbalise some other 45 individuals were wound in 183 raging confrontations among candidates and their henchmen. Ironically, the police draw the situation as worldwidely self-possessed because fewer people died this year, compared with previous barangay elections. On July 15, the Filipino people elected 41,945 barangay chairmen, a similar number of youth leadership and 293,615 barangay council members. 25,000 gird Rebels thither are two major insurgence movements in the Philippines, viz. the communist insurgency and the Islamic breakaway movement.According to military estimates, there were 25,000 build up rebels as of the first force of 2002. These included 11,930 communist guerillas, 12, vitamin D dynamical members of the Moro Islamic electric arc move (MILF) and hundreds more belonging to Muslim radical Abu Sayyaf, Abu Sufia and Pentagon groups. 347 Clashes with the Reds The Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) enter 347 arm confrontations with the communist guerillas, solvinging in the death of 189 rebels and long hundred government selliers in 2001. Moro Leader in prison houseIn November 2001, former Moro National emission Front (MNLF) chairman Nur Misuari who signed a peace pact with the government in 1996 stony-broke the agreement and led another(prenominal) armed struggle along with his loyal supporters. He was facing insubordination charges at a prison cantonment in lagoon country. Muslim Extremists The Abu Sayyaf (Bearers of the Sword) is a Muslim extremist group that was engagement for an independent Islamic state in Mindanao. Since 1994, it has burned a Christian town, kill a number of innocent civilians, abducted foreigners and position bombs in displace areas.The AFP claimed that it was able to reduce the Abu Sayyaf force from 4,000 in 1994 to 600 in June 2001 and to 60 in May 2002. In April 2000, the group took 21 hostages, mostly European tourists from the Sipadan Island in Sabah, Malaysia and brought them to Sulu province in Mindanao. The hostages were freed four months later upon payment of US$20 million pay off by the Libyan government. On May 27, 2001, the Abu Sayyaf abducted an American su communicateer along with another American and 17 Filipinos from a bank resort in Palawan province.The group had decapitated the other American but freed the Filipino hostages. Some 1,000 American changeiers went to Mindanao to coordinate, talk over and train Filipino changeiers in the fork up mission of the American couple. On June 7, 2002, American hostage Martin Burnham and Filipino nurse who was excessively taken by the group were killed during an con sider amidst the Muslim extremists and the pursuing Filipino troops in Zamboanga del Norte province. Gracia Burnham was wounded but survived. battalion Abu Bakar waterfall The former Estrada administration declared an ugly all-out war against Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) rebels in the year 2000. While the government was able to siege Camp Abu Bakar, the main camp of the MILF, the war solvinged in numerous bombings in the south and underpass Manila. on that point were excessively summary executions of Filipino Christians in Mindanao. On May 7, 2002, the Arroyo government and the MILF signed an interim peace agreement in Putrajaya, Malaysia.While the agreement called for the governments refilling and development of areas devastated by the war in 2000, it did not call for the laying down of arms by the Muslim dissidents. court of war P100 Billion The area banking company verbalise the recur armed betrothal between government changeiers and Muslim fighters would co st southwestern Mindanao over P100 billion in the next 10 years in terms of lost or dead(a) investments. 2 Million Unlicensed Guns most 2 million unauthorised guns were circulate in the Philippines on top of the 775,000 legally registered firearms.The figures were disclosed during the regional Seminar on Implementing the UN Program of reach on Small mail and Light Weapons which was held in Quezon City in July 2002. A educational activity issued during the seminar withal claimed that the 2 million unlicensed firearms and light weapons, including pistols, rifles, utensil guns, grenade launchers and shoulder-fired missiles, were responsible for the death of four million people in 46 major conflicts in the country in the 1990s. President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo has ordered the national police to escalate the disturb against absolve firearms.Reports give tongue to there are about 328,329 loose firearms nationwide. In 2002, the national police confiscated 7,633 loose firearm s. The Department of national and local anesthetic regimen express that of the 12,000 firearms used in crimes in 2002, more than 10,000 of which were unlicensed. 37,254 big businessman Crimes Some 37,254 index crimes were describe to the police in the year 2000 alone. The police claimed to make water solved 32,445 or 87 percent of these cases. Index crimes refer to crimes affiliated against lives and properties. P1. 25 Billion RansomThe Citizens Action Against Crime, a non-government organization, claimed that around 2,100 people, many of them Filipino-Chinese businessmen, soak up become victims of snatch-for- fulfill gangs in the Philippines and paid ransom amounting to about P1. 25 billion from 1993 to 2002. The group added that in 2002 alone, snatch up victims paid a total ransom amounting to P211 million. News reports said kidnap-for-ransom syndicates victimized over 240 individuals, including 20 foreigners in 2001. In the first half of 2002, another 80 individuals, i ncluding 30 foreigners, became victims of kidnapping.While Manila-based publications labeled the Philippines as the worlds kidnap capital, the Philippine National legal philosophy (PNP) speedily denied this, claiming that Colombia owns the title. 1,877 Cars Stolen The Philippine National Police (PNP) authenticated a total of 1,877 car theft cases in 2000. Police data showed that a total of 2,219 vehicles were describe stolen in resistance Manila in 2002. This meant that six cars were stolen in the seat of government each day and 185 cars each month in 2002. 8 ransack Victims Per Day Some 3,145 cases of botch up were describe in the country in 2001.This translates to 8 cases of rape each day and one rape hazard in every three hours during the year. The figure only covers rape incidents reported to the police. in that location were similarly 5,735 murder cases and 4,079 homicide incidents reported in the country in 2001 alone. 5,185 finish Crimes Against Children According to the Social Welfare and Development, there were a total of 5,185 call down crimes committed against children in the Philippines in 2000, and 3,980 cases in 2001. Sex crimes refer to rape, incest, and acts of lasciviousness. 143 Escapees The representation of detain Management reported that 143 prisoners escaped from their cells in 2000.Of these fugitives, 89 were recaptured. 25,000 Inmates The self-confidence of Corrections said that in 2002, it was holding 25,002 inmates, 16,134 of whom are at the New Bilibid Prisons (NBP), which has a holding efficiency of only 8,700. 314 Political Prisoners As of celestial latitude 2002, the National Bilibid Prison in Muntinlupa was hosting 314 political prisoners. 239 Dismissed Cops in 2002 In the campaign against erring policemen, the national police reported that it dismissed from the service 239 commissioned and non-commissioned slurrs who were among the 4,447 policemen who were aerated administratively for unlike offenses in 2002.Th e national police is boost the public to report crimes or ask for police assistance in case of emergency by move a short messaging service (SMS) or schoolbook means to 2920. P300 Billion contraband Drug Industry According to Interior and Local Government Secretary Joey Lina, the crime syndicates produce and trade P300-billion worth of prohibited drugs in the country annually. The Dangerous Drugs Board overly disclosed that some 1. 8 million Filipinos are hooked on illegal drugs while 1. 6 million others are periodic users. 1. 8 Million Drug UsersAccording to the external Narcotics ascendancy Board, the use of crank hydrochloride or scrap has become the most popular drug of abuse in the Philippines. The Anti-Narcotics Group of the Philippine National Police disclosed that around 1. 8 million of the 80 million Filipinos were regular drug users. The agency withal disclosed that about 70 percent of marijuana supply in the world might be coming from the Cordillera region in northerly Luzon. It claimed that marijuana palm surrender been set among the 300,000 hectares of Cordillera farmlands in the past.In 1999, the police conducted 7,956 raids and arrested 11,004 individuals on drug-related cases. 55,000 Mail site Brides to US According to womens group Gabriela, about 55,000 Filipino women pee-pee entered the United States as mail order brides as of 1997. some other 20,000 mail order brides went to Australia. 15 Women overcome Daily As of 2002, militant womens group Gabriela said at least 15 women and six children are beaten up daily. In 2001, Gabriela preserve 5,668 cases of wife battering and 2,274 cases of mal work onment of children. Two-Thirds of juvenile Workers Had Premarital SexA survey conducted by the Trade Union Congress of the Philippines (TUCP) in 2002 showed that 30 percent of the countrys issue workforce claimed to be finish upually active, with 10 percent of the single male respondents claiming to deal casual sex. The stud y titled Issues alter Young Filipino Workers excessively showed that 37 percent of progeny males have had sex with more than one partner ordinarily with prostitutes prior to nuptials while two-thirds of married womanly and male workers said they had prenuptial sex with the people they eventually married.In a rive report, a study conducted by the University of the Philippines universe constitute in the year 2000 showed that 23 percent of 16. 5 million Filipinos sr. between 15 and 24 have busy in premarital sex. According to the TUCP, about 6. 5 million Filipino workers were belonging to the 15 to 24 year age group as of 2002. 400,000 Prostitutes scorn the fact that harlotry is illegal in the country, womens group Gabriela said that around 400,000 Filipinos were working as prostitutes as of 1998. 100,000 Child ProstitutesAccording to the United Nations Childrens storehouse (Unicef), about 60,000 to 100,000 Filipino children were working as prostitutes as of 1997. whore dom was present in 37 provinces then. The major child prostitution dens were found in Manila, Angeles City, Puerto Galera, Davao City and Cebu City. The Philippines has reportedly become a favorite remulctment of pedophiles from the US, Australia and Europe. The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) has documented 8,335 cases of child abuse from 1991 to 1996. 400,000 AbortionsA study released by the University of the Philippines Population constitute in February 2003 said that there were 400,000 cases of miscarriage in the country each year, in spite of the fact that miscarriage is illegal here. Vagina thriftiness While hundreds of live Filipino women are still demanding justice from the lacquerese government for their travails in the hold of lacquerese troops who held them as sex slaves during World War 2, thousands of progeny Filipino women are ironically asking the Philippine government to ease the rules in the deployment of entertainers to japan. unmatched government agency that tried to veil the recruitment of vernal Filipino women as entertainers in japan eventually found itself in deep rivalry. The Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA), the countrys main agency tasked to uplift standards of non-degree and non- positive skills educational activity of Filipino workers, was under fire for allegely delaying the return of documentation to some 20,000 small Filipino women to work as entertainers or overseas playing artists in Japan in 2002.The Philippine Association of enlisting Agencies Deploying artists (PARADA), the association of recruitment agencies deploying young Filipino women as entertainers in Japan accused TESDA director general Dante Liban of deliberately delaying the outlet of the questionable Artist Record Books (arbitrager) to 20,000 prospective overseas execute artists in 2002. Applicants need an ARB to get a indorse from the Nipponese embassy. PARADA asseverate that a group of peopl e in TESDA were demanding P25,000 for an ARB from applicants who do not want to undergo testing.Without irregularity, the ARB is supposed to cost only P300. Because of the alleged irregularity in TESDA, PARADA claimed that 20,000 Filipino women lost the opportunity of earning US$800 a month in Japan. Data from the Philippine foreign Employment presidentship (POEA) showed that deployment of Filipino entertainers to Japan slowed to 50,000 persons in 2002 from 70,000 in 2001. But a group of Filipinos said that the single biggest controversy was not the delay in the issuance of ARBs to young Filipino women but the deployment of thousands of them to work as prostitutes or sex workers in other countries.Labor Undersecretary Lucila Lazo even went to the extent of calling it as vagina economy. There are around 180,000 Filipino entertainers in Japan sending US$200 million each year. umpteen of these women were threatened to abuse and some driven to prostitution by the Japanese Yakuza gan g. According to the attempt for Responsible initiative (MORE), a polite group of concerned Filipinos, the Philippine government provided cover to save Japan from the perplexity of hosting Filipino prostitutes. The government do them see like acting artists, sent to Japan as entertainers, it added.Filipino entertainers were eventually called Japayuki, which was an original concoction do by Japanese media referring to young girls working as prostitutes. The Philippine government allows the deployment of Filipino women as young as 18 years old. The civic group too called on ghostly and militant groups to join the campaign against the go along deployment of Filipino entertainers abroad. allow us all destroy this national disgrace. Stop the dealingsking of women. Our national honor is priceless. We must defend it at all cost, at all times, it said. P8 Billion Annual turn Revenues swordplay is a major social problem in the country. not even the ouster of President Joseph Es trada from Malacanang Palace, on charges of receiving jueteng specie from syndicates, could abate the problem. Jueteng is said to be a P40-billion business in the Philippines, annually. While declaring jueteng as illegal, the government promotes other forms of period of play such as casino operations, lottery and lately schoolbook games. In May 2002 alone, the Philippine Amusement and turn Corp. (Pagcor), the government agency tasked to collect gambling revenues, reported an income of P1. 81 billion.For the whole of 2000, Pagcor reported a net income of P8 billion, the second largest amount earned by any Philippine company in that year. Text Gambling No one seems to be daunted by the growing trend of text gambling in the Philippines. Due to the popularity of short messaging service (SMS) or text messaging in the country, broadcast post and telecommunication companies have connived to endorse the now hugely popular text games. Here, the participants, mostly television viewing audience or radio listeners, put their bet in the form of a text message worth P10 each for the run into to win large prizes.Although less enunciate as a form of gambling, text gambling is no different than other number games like lottery, jai alai or jueteng. Companies hurt P3. 5 Billion to Counterfeiting According to the fool Protection Association (BPA), a group of 15 international companies based in the country, their member companies lost P3. 5 billion to makers and distributors of faux mail products in the first three accommodate of 2002 alone. As a vector sum, the government also lost P1. 3 billion in potential revenues.The BPA also disclosed that the government confiscated bull goods amounting to P2. 4 billion in the first cabaret months of 2002 alone, up from P800 million in the whole of 1998. The BPA said that the counterfeiting and plagiarism problem is not limited to CDs, VCDs and computing machine softwares but also affects top brands of garments, bags, wa llets, medicines, smooth petroleum bumble (LPGs), batteries, lamps, bulbs and switches, brandy, vodka, cigarettes, soaps and shampoo, laser correspondent toner and ink cartridges, sofa beds, hacksaws, toys and electronic goods.About 86 makers of product lines are said to be affected by counterfeits, which are boldly sold at formal distribution channel like shop malls, department stores and supermarkets. Not because these companies are in on it, but because they are also fooled, Mr. Wallace clarified. The BPA said that the fake drugs and disgraceful medicines comprise 30 percent of total products in the pharmaceutical sector. The sparkle sector is loaded down(p) by a 5 to 15 percent brainstorm of fake products while about 63 percent of softwares sold in the country is considered pirated. some of the fake products sold in the country, the BPA added, come from China.P1. 1 billion ignominious Fuel A study conducted by the Asian Institute of Management constitution center of attention (AIM-PC) suggested that some P1. 1 billion worth of diesel motor fuel were smuggled into the country between 1999 and 2001. Some 300,000 liters or 2,000 barrels of diesel are reportedly smuggled and sold in the country each day. The policy think tank blamed several owners of barges and tankers/trucks ship captains and seamen past and present officials of oil firms owners of depots and storehouses and importers and owners of import terminals as responsible for the smuggling.The culprits reportedly got help from officials and employees of the Bureau of Customs, the Philippine naval forces and the Coast Guard. Alcohol, Most Abused Drug Liquor is said to be the most abused substance in the Philippines and the world. While there remains to be a concrete study on the set up of alcoholism, many index crimes such as homicides, physical injuries and sex-related offenses are often associated with alcohol. Adding to these are the numerous misadventures caused by drunk driving. Many Filipino families were also ruined by alcoholism, with young children undef finish to the evils of their drunken fathers.Sadly, the government does not do anything about it. San Miguel Corp. , a beverage empire that is the top artker of beer and gin, is also the countrys largest corporation. In 1998 alone, the company sold 327. 6 million bottles of beer. 1. 25 Billion Liters of Beer In 1995, Filipinos consumed 146,000 bottles of wine-colored, reservation them the top wine discombobulateers in Asia. A more black report is that Filipinos consumed 1. 25 billion liters or 3. 9 billion bottles of beer in 1998 alone. In the year 2001, beverages comprised nearly 2. 3 percent of the average Filipinos expenditures.A 1994 survey conducted by the University of the Philippines showed that almost 5. 3 million or 60 per cent of Filipino youths were drinking alcoholic beverages. Of the total, 4. 2 million were males and 1. 1 million, females. A last was that there were more alcoholic d rinkers than smokers among Filipino youths, who were starting to drink alcohol at the age of 16 or 17 years old. 21. 6 Percent of Students crazy weed A ball-shaped youth baccy survey (GYTS) in the Philippines showed that as many as 21. 6 percent of Filipino students were smoking cigarettes.The percentage was 32. 6 percent among male students and 12. 9 percent among female students. Some students believed that smoking would win them more friends and make them look cool. Tobacco comprised 2. 4 percent of the average Filipinos expenditures in 2001. 6,100 hemorrhoid of Garbage Daily According to the Metro Manila Development Authority (MMDA), the metropolis produces some 6,100 piles of garbage daily. In 2001, the total slew of recyclable materials that ended up in junkshops and recycling plants reached 120,162 metric tons. The Cost of stock PollutionThe World Bank has reported that air taint in the Philippines results in a yearly red of US$1. 5 billion in medical treatment, lost wages, low productivity and deaths that heavily impact the Filipinos quality of life. The World Bank report also said that air befoulment results in 2,000 deaths each year and causes US$1. 5 billion in lost wages, medical treatment in the four metropolis of Baguio, Manila, Cebu and Davao The World Bank also said that the country needs US$500 million (P25 billion) to implement the Clean breeze Act of 1999 over the next 10 years.In its Philippines environs Monitor 2002, the World Bank said the government spends US$400 million in health cost as a result of air taint in four urban centers alone, that is to say Metro Manila, Cebu, Davao and Baguio where about a quarter of the population lives. Such a health cost is said to be 0. 6 percent of the countrys gross national product. The World Bank cited a 2001 survey show that more than 72 percent of Metro Manilas residents were alarmed by air pollution and 73 percent said they were not aware that the government was doing anything to a ddress it.The World Bank said air pollutants such as ozone and north oxides continue to spread. In its study, the World Bank said fine particle emissions result in about 2,000 premature deaths and 9,000 cases of chronic bronchitis in the countrys four largest urban areas annually. These emissions of pollutants were for the most part blamed on public buses, jeepneys, public utility vehicles, trucks and motorcycles that continue to catch ones breath visible smoke despite the governments anti-smoke eructation campaign. As of 2001, there were 3. 9 million land vehicles in the country. 2 Million Filipinos Exposed to tebibyte A World Bank report in 2002 said that around 22 million Filipinos were undefended to tuberculosis. Nearly 740 Filipinos are afflicted with tuberculosis, while 68 die of the disease each day. The report added that Filipinos spend a total of P160 billion to cure the disease each year. 578 AIDS Cases The Department of Health has recorded 1,761 HIV-positive cases and 578 AIDS cases from January 1984 to September 2002. Most of these cases involved persons aged 20 to 39 years old.However, the US Central Intelligence style said that there were about 28,000 Filipinos infect with HIV or AIDS and that 1,200 of died in 1999 alone. P30 Trillion for re-afforestation In January 2003, a study by the Green tropics internationalistic (GTI) claimed that the Philippines would need P30 trillion to afforest countrys denuded mountains in over 85 years. 2. 7 Trips by Metro Manilans Each Day Studies make by the avocation and Engineering Center (TEC) of the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) showed that as of 2002, Metro Manilans were devising an average of 2. trips one after another and 12 million trips collectively each day. Before this, a study by Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) in 1999 showed that the Philippines was losing some P140 billion annually to traffic congestion. It said the national economy was straight off los ing P40 billion in the forms of gasoline and diesel fuel, man-hours, electricity, salaries of traffic netherworld and increased expenses for smooth phones. Indirectly, the country was losing P100 billion in the forms of lost business opportunities, depreciated value of real property and increased cause of health care due to air pollution.Cost of avocation Problem US$3. 6 Billion The San Francisco-based Filipinas Magazine reported that traffic congestion costs the Philippine economy some US$3. 6 billion annually. Citing a government study, the pickup said the traffic problem, particularly in Metro Manila, results in a US$1 billion loss to faineant gasoline and electricity, man-hours and hiring of traffic aides and US$2. 6 billion to missed business opportunities, reduced gross sales and investment disincentives. The study added that total loss would exceed US$36 billion in ten years.It noted that the average speed of a vehicle has slowed to 12. 6 kilometers per hour today from 1 8 kilometers per hour ten years ago. Get-Rich-Quick Schemes If it sounds too good to be true, it commonly is. This was how the corporate watchdog Securities and Exchange Commission ( minute) described the usual promise made by pseudo-investment firms in luring the public to invest substantial amount in their get-rich-quick schemes. The reciprocal ohm warned that pseudo-investment firms that are not registered with the government social occasion have already duped many investors, including foreigners and Filipino-Americans.Some victims, who have placed investments ranging from P10,000 to P50 million, were not able to recover their money and its supposed interest. The SEC has already issued cease-and-desist orders (CDOs) on the operations of several pseudo-investment firms that have been in operation without licenses. According to the corporate watchdog, some of these firms act as lending investors, investment firms, and financial companies that issue securities to the public.The companies promote their services by telephone calls, mails or personal visits and usually cranny investors huge interest on every investment placed, without explaining the risks involved. They also require immediate investments. The pseudo-investment firms give promise that a tokenish investment of P10,000 to P100,000 would earn a monthly interest of 15 percent. Among the promotional gimmicks of these pseudo-investments firms are seminars that use the lines You can become a millionaire in three years and You can turn your financial dreams into reality.Investors usually discover that they have been duped only when the checks issued to them bounced. gain Scam As of January 2003, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the government corporate watchdog said that investment firms engaged in the so-called pyramiding operation have duped at least 2 million Filipinos of as much as P70 billion. Worlds 4th Most Accident-Prone land According to the International Red scupper and Re d crescent-shaped Societies, the Philippines was the fourth most accident prostrate country in the world.The two institutions arrived at this conclusion after finding out that some 5,809,986 Filipinos were killed or injured as a result of disasters or man-made calamities over a ten-year period (1992-2001). frontward of the Philippines in the accident list were China, India and Iran. On a separate report, the Philippine National Red pass through said 31,835 Filipinos were killed and 94,369,462 others were affected by natural disasters and calamities in a span of 20 years. (Source Philippine Daily Inquirer) Shallow knowledge of History congresswoman Edmund Reyes of Marinduque province quoted an NFO-Trends survey showing that Filipino youth had a very shoal appreciation of the countrys history and cultural heritage. The survey showed that only 37 percent of the 1,420 respondents aged 7 to 21 years old, were able to sing the National Anthem and only 28 percent could recite Panatan g Makabayan. When asked to pick out Filipino heroes, the respondents could only name up to two heroes. A Days Labor For A Burger In 2001, the token(prenominal) daily wage in Metro Manila remained at P250, the highest among the countrys 16 regions.An office worker in Makati, who was hired on a contractual basis by a job placement agency, did not receive P250 by the end of a working day. After tax, social security and other deductions were made on top of the share deductions by the agency, the office worker went home with only P200. However, he had to organise his transportation and meal allowance that amounted to over P100. In other words, what was left in his pocket by the end of the day was less than P100. To treat himself after a hard days work, he decided to stop by a popular fastfood restaurant.He ordered a big burger, a large can of cola and French fries. He was bill P100. Before dormancy at night, he remembered that he had to profane a new pair of shoes. He reached for h is pocket and found it empty. Yet, he considered himself roaring because he was unwed and was living with his parents who were better-looking him free breakfast every morning. He was lucky because he had no wife to support and no children to send to school. He was lucky because he was healthy and did not have to buy medicine.Social ProblemsSocial Problems