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Friday, August 28, 2020
BMW Product inovation Essay Example
BMW Product inovation Essay Example BMW Product inovation Essay BMW Product inovation Essay BMW needs to assault the little Lifestyle vehicle advertise hole. This hole has clients, for example, youthful experts with a high discretionary cashflow. BMW has restricted resistance, and as such there is an enormous utilization hole, which implies there is acceptable potential for high deals. This market hole has the potential for giving BMW the development it is taking a stab at. BMW should focus on this hole utilizing the Mini brand, as the Mini has the correct picture not at all like any BMW marked items. The principle dangers for BMW are its constrained information available part, and its restricted money related assets. The principle part opponents of BMW, Mercedes and Volkswagon (Smart and Beetle), both have more segment understanding and more prominent money related asset. These opponents will at the same time endeavor to out-value the Mini, and create substitution items. The center built up results of BMW, the 3, 5, and 7 Series, give a steady income, enough to create and present substitution models. BMW is anyway a driven organization and needs to develop. To do this BMW has been growing its portfolio and assaulting new markets, a hazardous, yet gainful procedure. This system started with the dispatch of the Z3 sports vehicle, and all the more as of late the Z8 sports vehicle and X5 44 vehicle. The most recent phase of this methodology is the dispatch of the Mini brand. BMW has not delivered a little, moderate, way of life vehicle since the times of the air pocket vehicle. The presentation of the small scale go is the most unsafe of all BMWs methodologies for development. BMWs capacity to infuse character, whimsy, and fun into the Mini is the huge hazard. BMW is a not only an organization, it is a brand. The BMW brand fabricates vehicles based on building exactness, producing greatness, and being German. As the adverts reveal to every one of us, a BMW is The Ultimate Driving Machine. The Mini is additionally a brand. The Mini brand is based on character, flightiness, and being British. BMW can't simply re-identification, re-architect and exchange the brand as the BMW Mini. The very intrigue of the Mini brand would be lost. Enormous media and open intrigue welcomed the dispatch of the Mini1, the main model to be discharged. The Mini Cooper, maybe the model most significantly connected with the brand, is destined to be propelled, and it is this model will maybe decide the accomplishment of the item extend. BMW is a multi-item, worldwide assembling organization. The BMW marque is settled as a creator of top notch vehicles. To expand the presentation of the organization, its items should be assessed and ordered in order to conclude whether to contribute, hold, or pull back help from them. These are key choices, and are made by the data got from the investigation of the organization portfolio. The apparatuses that will be utilized in the portfolio investigation and the board are as per the following: * Product lifecycle examination * Boston Consulting Group Growth-Share Matrix * General Electric Multifactor Matrix These are altogether adaptable instruments that can be utilized to dissect the two items and brands. The initial step is to dissect BMWs item portfolio. BMW has a scope of items, some at present available, and some anticipating dispatch (Mini CooperS). The following is a cluster demonstrating BMWs current item portfolio, this will shape the premise of the investigation of BMWs current and future market. The exhibit above portrays BMWs current portfolio regarding the items themselves, yet shouldn't something be said about the business sectors. Every item follows the item lifecycle, each will be at an alternate phase of that cycle, and each will have distinctive market attributes. Despite the fact that it is appealing to include all the items inside a portfolio at the pinnacle of their deals simultaneously, this makes issues. BMW knows the significance of ensuring that not the entirety of its items are at development on the double, as this may bring about the items starting to decay simultaneously. It is obvious from the time scale diagram over, that BMW has stunned the lifecycles of three items. These are the 3, 5, and 7 Series cantinas. This stunning not just assists with guaranteeing a progressively consistent salary, yet in addition takes into consideration the advancement of substitution items, for example, the fast approaching substitution of the 7 Series. BMW has likewise been extending its portfolio as of late and this can be seen by the nearness of some new item dispatches over the most recent couple of years. The Mini being the latest, and the Mini Cooper still to be propelled. So as to characterize BMWs items, an investigation of the portfolio is required. The primary detailed, and most basic is the Boston Consulting Group Growth-Share Matrix. The Boston Matrix appeared over the page comprises of four quadrants got from Market Growth rate and Market Share. Market development rate is the vertical pivot of the lattice. This demonstrates the yearly development pace of the market area in which every item falls, and can be utilized as an intermediary for Market appeal. Piece of the pie is the flat pivot of the lattice. This demonstrates the Market portion of every item comparative with its greatest rival. The Boston Consulting bunch contended that the income created by an item is dependant on which quadrant the item falls in. BMW has a genuinely settled arrangement of items. Every item is progressively a group of somewhat various models, shifting by detail. The BMW 3 Series is put inside a packed area of the vehicle business; the Luxury little cantina. The 5 and 7 Series are bigger and more costly cantinas than the 3 arrangement, and are put inside somewhat less unpredictable segments of the market. The 3 Series is situated just underneath the Star, in the Cash Cow quadrant in the network. The current 3 Series model is a market chief in a develop advertise part. Its high piece of the overall industry prompts a high income rate, and its situation in a develop advertise implies that speculation support in regions such an item and procedure improvement is low. The 5 arrangement as well, is easily situated as a Cash Cow. It is an experienced item, put and sold in a less unstable market than the 3 arrangement. This implies the 3 and 5 arrangement group of items have incredibly high gainfulness, because of their elevated level of deals, and the low degree of consumption expected to keep up the business levels. The 7 arrangement anyway is a model in decrease as far as its lifecycle. It is found at a definitive goal all things considered, a pet. The item has piece of the pie, however its attractive quality is winding down and its exhibition comparative with its rivals isn't what it used to be. The market for the 7 arrangement in any case, is as yet performing great. This implies BMW should, and will survey the model with a view to re-dispatch sooner rather than later. The above items are altogether genuinely settled. A considerable lot of them have been being made for a long time now with a few re-structures and re-dispatches. BMW has anyway as of late started growing its portfolio, and the consequence of this is some new star and issue youngsters. One of these stars is the X5. The X5 is another market zone for BMW. The 44 market can be incredibly gainful, particularly the On-street 44 items. This market is huge and developing, and BMW have made an endeavor to get a cut of the cake with the X5. The Z3 and Z8 are fundamentally the same as items. They are both little games vehicles, contrasting in the Boston Matrix as far as piece of the overall industry and cost. The Z3 is a star, however the Z8 could be depicted a difficult youngster. More reasonably valued than the Z8, and with a bigger portion of the developing business sector, the Z3 is an item starting to develop and produce a decent positive income. The Z8 anyway has a small portion of a similar market. This isn't expected to overpricing, or horrible showing. It is on the grounds that BMW has made the stride of purposely constraining creation to guarantee a significant level of notoriety and allure for the item. For what reason do this? The Z8 could be depicted as an activity in promoting itself. It isn't tied in with making benefit for the organization as far as immediate deals, however about bringing issues to light of the BMW brand and the qualities BMW needs its clients to accept the brand represents. Indeed, even the position of this item in an ongoing James Bond film repeats this point. An energizing, nonchalant character, utilizing a BMW during his innovation stuffed experiences. These are for the most part attributes of the brand that BMW need to engrave upon the mind of its clients. The second accessible apparatus is the General Electric Multifactor Matrix. Items are assessed as far as Competitive Position and Market Attraction. This lattice shows all the more unmistakably how the built up 3, 5, and 7 Series are performing. The 3 Series has an enormous portion of a huge, appealing business sector. Its serious position is additionally solid. The short bolt shows that it is just moving from this position gradually, it is keeping up its position. This emphasizes the portrayal of the 3 Series as a Cash Cow. The 5 Series is likewise in a comparative position, if debilitating all the more rapidly. The 7 Series in any case, is distinctive to the past two models. It has a nearly little portion of a less alluring business sector. The long bolt shows that the seriousness of this item is diminishing quickly and it is quick turning into a Pet. By and by the up and coming re-dispatch of the 7 Series affirms this investigation, and BMW will trust it goes some approach to improving the situation of this item. The more as of late propelled, new items can by and large be found to one side of the primary three BMW items. Except for the Z3, their serious positions are still genuinely frail, yet each of the three have great market engaging quality. This is intelligent; as BMW would not have propelled items into business sectors it esteems to be ugly. They show the attributes of demanding as recently presented items finding their feet in the market. The accentuation of item portfolio investigation is the administration of existing items to expand their qualities. BMW additionally needs to search for new items a
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Critical Analysis of Turkey's Accession to the European Union Research Paper
Basic Analysis of Turkey's Accession to the European Union - Research Paper Example This exposition will include critical hindrances and issues that have disrupted the general flow of Turkey like human rights, law and different changes they have to embrace. After this, the paper will attempt to anticipate the conceivable outcomes of EU section for Turkey. The roots of the European Union can be followed back to the 1951 Treaty of Paris which set up the European Coal and Steel Community. This came after the trouble and the arrangement of old foes in Europe had finished in the two World Wars. The Second World War saw the express pulverization of the most enlightened landmass on earth. The resulting development of the United Nations with the perspective on advancing human rights and worldwide security shaped the system which gave the catalyst for collaboration between countries in sub-locales. This paper focuses on that the European Union is a supranational association which is intended to manufacture a typical future for its part states through the coordination of strategies inside these countries. The European Union spotlights on International Economic Integration of part states and this is done through unhindered commerce, customs associations, regular markets and monetary associations. The European Union is comprised of individuals with greater parts that are semantically Indo-European and strictly Christians . Just Estonia is the country that doesn't have these two highlights in its lion's share populace. The growth of the European Union is done dependent upon the situation. ... ean Union spotlights on International Economic Integration of part states and this is done through facilitated commerce, customs associations, basic markets and financial unions5. The essential objective or finalite politique of the European Union is to make a Federal Europe focused on government assistance, security and thriving to its part states and citizens6. This suggests the European Union is for the most part centered around advancing significant changes in the social and financial prosperity through the sharing of shared traits and the advancement of exchange and different exercises that advance riches age and monetary development. Socially, the European Union is comprised of individuals with larger parts that are etymologically Indo-European and strictly Christians7. Just Estonia is the country that doesn't have these two highlights in its dominant part population8. Section to the European Union Although Turkey has solid associations with the European Union in both the chron icled and topographical sense, it is authoritatively not an individual from the European Union. This is on the grounds that there are some significant passage decides that every single hopeful country need to hold fast to. Turkey's situation regarding this matter falters and they need to change in accordance with meet the majority of them. Customarily, the amplification of the European Union is done on a one case at a time case basis9. This is on the grounds that before a part state joins, individuals on favorable terms should look at their status and worthiness before giving them the option to agree into the Union. An eminent case is that of the United Kingdom which had its application for participation vetoed by Charles de Gaulle's France on a few events. Be that as it may, on account of the Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs), the augmentation was done through an efficient methodology where a gathering of hopeful part states were given a few
Friday, August 21, 2020
Anti Abortion - The Truth of Abortion :: social issues
Hostile to Abortion - The Truth of Abortion Furthermore, view, one came and said unto Him, Good Master, what beneficial thing will I do, that I may have endless life? Furthermore, He said unto him, Why callest thou me great? There is none acceptable however One, that is, God: yet in the event that thou shrivel go into life, keep the charges. He saith unto Him, which? Jesus stated, THOU SHALT DO NO MURDER, Thou shalt not submit infidelity, Thou shalt not take, Thou shalt not endure bogus observer, Honor thy father and mother: and, Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself. ~ Lord Jesus Christ Quote, Matthew 19:16-19, King James Version Bible â⬠¢ Introduction : To know and feel truth is basic to comprehension. You may state, ...not another strict person... however I state unto you, I come about this resolution through unadulterated explanation. Obviously, this is a delicate subject, however that goes to reason. For it is fundamental for truth and feeling to meet up in the articulation and viewing of comprehension. â⬠¢ Abortion and Choice : We have freewill to either amplify goodness or not. We have freewill, as has been given to us by our Creator, to do great or malevolence. Subsequently, I nor any other individual â⬠not even God â⬠has the privilege to deny another from any game-plan â⬠for this situation, fetus removal. â⬠¢ Abortion Stance : Truth is everlasting paying little heed to circumstance. However, as I have explained above, don't reserve the privilege to preclude another from claiming decision, I do and will use my privilege in voicing my position against it â⬠that fetus removal is murder. I comprehend there are pregnancies by assault, and I realize it isn't right to, deny a premature birth, however it would likewise be brutal. In any case, I stay with conviction that fetus removal is murder. I comprehend there are pregnancies that imperil the mother's life, and I realize it isn't right to, deny a fetus removal, yet it would likewise be barbarous. All things considered, I stay with conviction that fetus removal is murder. I comprehend there are pregnancies that are undesirable, which have happened by the intentional commitment in the movement of proliferation. Whatever the case might be, which brings about an undesirable pregnancy through willful commitment in the movement of propagation, the couple has acted flippantly. For when a couple participates in the action of generation, it accompanies the chance of obligation in accepting parenthood.
Tuesday, May 26, 2020
Ways to Write an Excellent Research Paper Service
Ways to Write an Excellent Research Paper ServiceWhen it comes to writing research paper service, there are a number of different ways you can be an expert. Each of these styles of research paper service can help with your research, but they also have different strengths and weaknesses. There are definitely ways to write an excellent research paper for your dissertation or dissertations.A writing research service can help you with your research in a number of different ways. You may want to think about contacting a third party to assist you with your research. You may want to approach this in different ways and each method of research may offer different advantages.One of the ways to consider when you're looking at a writing research service is if the service allows you to write over the internet. This can be a great option if you are able to find a service that can do this for you. This can be particularly useful for those who are students. It can allow you to avoid studying for exa ms.Another method you may want to consider when looking at a writing research paper service is to talk to them before you begin your research. This can be especially useful if you have a lot of ideas and you want to think about them before you start the process. This can help to eliminate research that isn't worth your time.A research paper service that takes you to a number of potential places to look into can make it easier to do your research. This can be especially helpful for those who don't want to go out and do their research. This can make things easier for those students who may not have all of the time they need to do their research. If you're looking for a written research service, you'll want to think about what methods you would like to be able to research effectively.If you're looking to choose a service for your research, there are many different ways to do this. In fact, it may be difficult to get right if you aren't careful. You may be able to get better by making s ure you do research properly first before you decide on a service.When choosing a writing research paper service, there are some things you need to be aware of. If you don't want to include that cost in your budget, you may want to consider visiting an experienced writer. This can be helpful when you're unsure of how you're going to research for your thesis or dissertation.
Friday, May 15, 2020
Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare Essay - 757 Words
Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare Romeo and Juliet are described as a pair of star-crossed lovers. Write about the way in which fate is shown to contribute to their tragedy. Romeo and Juliet would have been performed to an Elizabethan audience. The Elizabethan audience believed very strongly in fate and fortune. They believed in the power of herbs, the sun and the stars. Herbs had to be picked at certain times of the day for them to work, according to the stars. There was also the belief of a Wheel of Fortune which changed continuously. Fate was destined to happen and no one could alter it. Right from the beginning of the play we know that Romeo and Juliet have death markedâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Her parents however feel that she is longing for her dear cousin Tybalt and think that marriage will improve on her sadness. In Elizabethan times sadness often lead to madness which was another reason to why Lord Capulet wanted to marry his only daughter. Juliet decides to take a distilling liquor drink which will give her the borrowed likeness of shrunk death deceiving all who are close to her. They also defy fate when they both kill themselves to be together in heaven. Romeos and Juliets actions are influenced by fate because if fate had not done what he dare they would not have acted so irrationally. In a way Romeo and Juliet also made their own fate in the methods above because they continuously challenged fate and acted at speed. The play has a number of incidents when it is suggested that fate plays a part. In every act there is an event when you can detect fate and the Wheel of Fortune turning. The first incident is how Romeo and Juliet meet. They meet at the Capulet party and Romeo shouldnt even be there as he is a foe as he is a Montague. As soon as Romeo sets eyes on Juliet he feels her beauty is too rich for use and is instantly in love. So right from the beginning fate plays a part as it brings the star crossed lovers together. Fate also plays a part as Romeos and Juliets love hasShow MoreRelatedRomeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare619 Words à |à 3 PagesRomeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare is a play written in the 16th century thatââ¬â¢s about a tragic love story between two teenagers who come from rival families, yet fate brings them together and despite the grudge that each family holds for the other; they fall in love. Throughout the story they hide their love from other people especi ally their families and marry and when Romeo is banished for murder they conceive a plan to run off together. From this story, we learn how two teenagers deceiveRead MoreRomeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare818 Words à |à 3 PagesThroughout history, Shakespeare has been given credit for the popularizing of tragedies, causing a tragic hero to be seen as a reputable character. In Shakespeareââ¬â¢s story ââ¬Å"Romeo and Juliet,â⬠two ill-fated lovers are caught between the bitter hatred of their two families. Knowing their parents would never approve, Romeo and Juliet struggle to keep their love a secret. Though the story ends in what most people would view as a tragedy, Romeo fails to meet the characteristics of a tragic hero establishedRead MoreRomeo And Juliet by William Shakespeare967 Words à |à 4 PagesRomeo And Juliet by William Shakespeare In Romeo and Juliet the beauty and ardour of young love is seen by Shakespeare as the irradiating glory of sunlight and starlight in a dark work. Discuss the techniques that Shakespeare would have used to capture this dominating image of light. In the time of Shakespeare, his plays would have been performed during the day, using natural light from the open centre of the theatre. Since there could be no dramatic lighting andRead MoreRomeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare532 Words à |à 2 Pages In William Shakespeareââ¬â¢s, classic play, Romeo and Juliet, a young girl, Juliet, has fallen in love with a boy from a feuding family, Romeo. Friar Laurence, the priest, has married them against the rules. Julietââ¬â¢s cousin, Tybalt starts a fight with Romeo and Romeo kills Tybalt. Romeo, in hysteria and distress goes searching for Friar Laurenceââ¬â¢s advice, since the Friar is the only one who knows about the marriage besides the Nurse, Romeo and Juliet. In Scene 3 of Act 3, Friar Laurenceââ¬â¢s speech revealsRead MoreRomeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare893 Words à |à 4 Pagesare. In the play Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare, the playwright used the Nurse, Lord Capulet, and Friar Lawrence to show how taming the wills of the teens and forcing their wishes upon them could turn the play Romeo and Juliet into a tragic love story. The Nurse is one of the adults who is to blame for the tragic end of Romeo and Juliet.The Nurse is like Julietââ¬â¢s mother and has a lot of trust towards the Nurse, but this changed when Juliet met Romeo. When Romeo and Juliet decided to getRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1197 Words à |à 5 Pagesforbidding itââ¬â¢s deadly, referring of course to the classic William Shakespeare play of ââ¬Å"Romeo and Julietâ⬠, set in Verona, Italy. The play examines two families, the Montauges and the Capulets caught in an ongoing battle of hate, however two of the children manage to find love. All is not fair in love and war, and this play examines some examples of how love and hate correlate to each other in this captivating tale of ââ¬Å"Romeo and Julietâ⬠. Itââ¬â¢s a feud so deep and long lasting it seems that nothingRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1287 Words à |à 6 PagesLizzy Baginski English Composition 2 Mr. Spera March 10, 2015 Romeo and Juliet Research Paper The movie Romeo and Juliet is a modern classic film that took place in 1996. Overall this is a timeless story that everyone should go and watch. This movie has an intriguing plot line that tells the story of two feuding families, The Montagues and The Capulets, and how the children of these two different families fall in love. The two children overcome various obstacles such as hiding their chemistry fromRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet925 Words à |à 4 Pagesmade by Romeo. This happens right after Romeo gets to Julietââ¬â¢s grave, then meets Paris, fights Paris, and kills Paris.[a]Right before Paris dies, he says ââ¬Å"Oh, I am slain! If thou be merciful, Open the tomb. Lay me with Julietâ⬠(Shakespeare 5.3.72-73). Paris is brave and proud enough to tell Romeo, the person that kills him, to put him in the grave next to Juliet, who he was going to marry. Romeoââ¬â¢s true love for Juliet caused all of this in the first place. In the play, The Tragedy of Ro meo and JulietRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet967 Words à |à 4 Pagesof ââ¬ËRomeo and Julietââ¬â¢ written by William Shakespeare. Shakespearean time was between the middle Ages and the Industrial Revolution and it was branded by religious changes. William Shakespeare is widely known as the greatest dramatist of all time. Born April 1564, Shakespeareââ¬â¢s play ââ¬ËRomeo and Julietââ¬â¢ is no doubt one of his most famous pieces. ââ¬ËRomeo and Julietââ¬â¢ was first published in 1597 and its tragic story of banned love still captures the creativity of its audience today. ââ¬ËRomeo and Julietââ¬â¢, althoughRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet 966 Words à |à 4 Pages Beauty Over Gold ââ¬Å"Beauty provoketh thieves sooner than gold.--William Shakespeare, 1623. In his book As You Like It, William Shakespeare pointed out the supremacy of love rather than the want of gold and wealth. Truly, beauty is more important to thieves than wealth. Many of the thieves in this world would rather have an elegant woman than to obtain precious rubies. After all, what good is a prosperous man if he doesnââ¬â¢t have a charming woman? Two famous men grab my attention who didnââ¬â¢t fear for
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
The Religious History Of Judaism - 1391 Words
(Intro) At a glance Judaism is one of three original Abrahamic faiths, including Islam and Christianity. Jewish people believe in god and they keep to godââ¬â¢s laws throughout their entire life. Today there are over 13 million Jews in the world and the majority live in either the United States or Israel. Throughout this paper I will discuss some important historical conflicts in Judaism, the beliefs, and finally some myths about the Jewish community. (History)The religious history of Judaism began over 3500 years ago in the Middle East and in 920 BCE the great kingdom spilt. Moses was the original founder of Judaism, but the Jewish people follow Abraham. Abraham was a patriarch for the Jewish people during the Bronze Age, teaching them thatâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The Jewish population was a culture that had all of those reasons and was a culture that was currently growing exponentially in Europe. This could have been the reason why they were targeted so negatively. The dis abled children were the first to be targeted, because they were considered useless consumers. Then came the round up of the older women and children into ghettos created by the Nazi regime. These ghettos were very unsanitary, full of disease, and death. The worst to come for the Jewish population was during 1941. This period brought the extermination camps. The most known camp was known as Auschwitz, this camp had gas chambers for the weak, the old, and any children. In the gas chambers the outcome was always death or selected individuals would be experimented on horrifically. The only way Jews could avoid the gas chamber was if they strong enough for slave labor or had a unique skill that the Germans could benefit from. But even then slave labor brought exhaustion and soon after death. In the end of the Nazi regime were the cause over six million Jewish deaths. (History) Judaism is a highly structured religion. In the beginning there were mighty kings, including David, Solomon, and Saul. After these kings brought the great temple that Jewish people go to worship in. The temple is a sacred place where only certain rites can be passed out. Moses is Judaismââ¬â¢s head
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Italy Essay Paper Example For Students
Italy Essay Paper ItalyThe country I picked to do my report on was Italy. Italy, officiallythe Italian Republic, is an independent nation in southern Europe. The wordItaly comes from the ancient Oscan language and means Calf. Italy is afairly small, important mediteranean country of about 116,328 square miles. Its capital city Rome is both the industrial center as well as the culturalcenter of Italy. Romes current population is about 2,786,307 people. With thecountries over all population estimated at 57,904,628 people, at a density of498 people per square mile. 72% of these people living in urban areas, while28% of the population resides in rural areas. Some of Italys major importsinclude industrial raw materials, petroleum, meat, and cereal grains. Theprincipal exports are manufactured goods and craft items, along with fruits andvegetables. Italy usually suffers a trade deficit, but the difference ispartly offset by its large and profitable tourist industry and by money sent byItalian citizens working abroad. Italy is a country far from being land-locked,with 9 major ports including Genoa, Trieste, Taranto, Venice, Savona, andNaples. Italy has been historically important since Roman times, and millionsof tourists are attracted each year to its ancient cities and art treasures. In the 400s and 500s the popes increased their influence in bothreligious and political matters in Italy and elsewhere. The popes were usuallythe ones who made attempts to protect Italy from foreign invasion or to softenforeign rule. The popes for almost 200 years had opposed attempts by theLombards, who controlled most of Italy, to take over Rome. The popes defeatedthe Lombards with the aid of two Frankish kings, Charlemagne and Pepin the Short. The papal states were created out of land won for the popes by Pepin. From the 10th century on, Italian cities began to grow rapidly andbecame increasingly independent of one another. They flourished because oftheir access to the Mediterranean trade routes and almost had a completemonopoly on all spice and silks coming into Europe. They became centers ofpolitical life, foreign trade and banking. At this time, the church grew inpower also. The Italian popes became increasingly more involved in the Europeanpolitical scene. Many of these city states became extremely wealthy andpowerful and resisted the attempts of noblemen and emperors to control them. During the 1300s, one of the greatest eras in human history occurred,The Renaissance. The Renaissance occurred primarily in Italy in the variouscity states. Many great artists and philosophers lived during this period andenhanced Italys prestige. The kingdom of Italy was formed in 1861. Five years later, in 1866,Venetia became a part of that kingdom. Rome became its capital in 1871. Benito Mussolini became premier in 1922. In 1940, Italy entered WorldWar II on the side of the Germans. Italy surrendered in 1943 and established anew republic in 1946. Culture and CustomsThe population of Italy is approximately 58 million people, most of whomlive in the urban cities. The four largest cities in Italy, in order ofpopulation are Rome, Milan, Naples and Turin. The most densely populated areasof the country are the industrialized regions of Lombardy and Liguria in thenorthwest region of Campania in the south. The areas with the lowest populationdensity are the mountains of both the north and south. More than two thirds of Italys population reside in cities. Most livein large, concrete apartment buildings. A few of the more wealthy people livein single-family homes. The oldest sections of an Italian city are made up olow buildings that have apartments around a central courtyard. Newer parts ofthe city often have larger apartment buildings. Poor neighborhoods are usuallyfound on the outskirts of the city. Most unmarried children live with their parents. Parents often help anadult son or daughter purchase an apartment near their own. Many young womenwork outside the home, and grandparents often help care for the children ofworking mothers. Many urban areas provide public child-care centers. City growth and the increased use of the automobile have led to someserious problems with urban pollution in Italy. In large cities, the airpollution poses a health hazard and has damaged priceless architecture. Manycities have banished private cars from the city centers. Most rural communities in the past consisted of a compact settlementsurrounded by a large area of agricultural land. The farmers usually lived intown and traveled to work in the fields each day. This pattern of living wasespecially common in southern Italy, in northern Italy the farmers usually livedon their land. Italians take great pride in the quality of their cooking. Theytraditionally eat their main meals at midday. Large meals usually consist of apast course, followed by a main course of meat or fish. Italian foods varygreatly by region. In the north, flat, ribbon-shaped pastas served with creamsauces are most popular. In the south, macaroni served with tomato-based saucesis the favorite type of pasta. Italians enjoy a wide variety of sports. Soccer is the most popularsport in Italy. Every major city has a professional soccer team. But soccer isnot just a spectator sport- on weekends Italys parks are filled with childrenand adults playing the game. Basketball is also very popular, and some citieshave more than one professional basketball team. Other popular sports includefishing, hunting, cycling, roller skating, and baseball. Major ReligionsAbout 95 percent of the population in Italy is Roman Catholic. Mostreligious ceremonies such as baptisms, weddings and funeral services are held inchurch. Only about 30 percent of all Italians attend church regularly. Manyothers occasionally attend church. An agreement called the Lateran Pact governsthe relationship between Italy and the Roman Catholic Church. For example, thepact exempts priests and other members of religious orders from military serviceand gives tax exemptions to Catholic organizations. The Lost Colony at Roanoke The first effort made b EssayThe third region is the Adriatic Plain. It is a small region north ofthe Adriatic Sea. Its eastern edge borders Yugoslavia. This area is not verywell suited for farming. The fourth region is the Apennines. This region stretches almost theentire length of Italy. The mountains in this region have steep inclines ofsoft rock and are constantly eroding as a result of heavy rain. The northernApennines have some of the largest forests in the country and much pasture land. The central part of the range has productive farmland and grazing. The southernApennines include the poorest part of Italy. This area has plateaus and highmountains, but few natural resources. The fifth and sixth regions are the Apulia and southeastern Plains. These form the heel of the boot-shaped peninsula. This region is composed ofplateaus that end as cliffs at the Mediterranean Sea. The seventh region is the Western Uplands and Plains. This areastretches along the Tyrrhenian Sea from La Spezia, a port city just south ofGenoa, southward past Naples to Salerno. It is a rich agricultural region,second only to the Po Valley in agricultural output. Sicily is the eight region. Sicily is the largest island in theMediterranean Sea. It is separated from mainland Italy by the Start of Messina. The island has mountains and plains. Mount Etna, one of the largest activevolcanoes in the world, dominates the landscape of northeastern Silicy. Severerosion caused in part by the clearing of forests, has hampered agriculture andmade travel in many inland areas difficult during the wet season. The climate of Italy is temperate. The spring, summer and fall aregenerally sunny, but winter is rainy and cloudy. In early spring, hot dry airfrom the Sahara expands and covers Italy. The summer climate of much of Italyis dry, with occasional rainstorms. TechnologyItalys technological level is equal to that of the U.S in certain areas. The northern part of Italy uses some of the most advanced manufacturing methodsin its factories. One quarter of the countries power is supplied through stateof the art hydroelectric dams. More than 450 privately owned televisionstations and over 1000 private radio stations are operating in Italy. Italy has an excellent system of roads. Large, modern superhighways runthe length of the Italian peninsula. Tunnels though the Alps link the highwaysystem to those of neighboring countries. Italy has an average of about 1 carfor ever 3 people. When compared to the United States, Italy is only slightly behind. TheUnited States has more advanced computers and telecommunications system. Inmedical technology, Italy is equal to the U.S but the technology is not aswidely available as it is in the United States. Natural ResourcesItaly is limited in the number of natural resources and must rely onimports. Much of the mineral deposits in Italy are found on the islands ofSicily and Sardinia and in the regions of Lombardy, Tuscany and in the north--central and northwestern parts of the peninsula. The most important naturalresource of Italy is natural gas, which is found primarily in the Po Valley. Italy also produces abundant amounts of marble and granite. Other mineralsimportant to Italy are feldspar, pumice and sulfur. For it its energy supply, Italy relies upon other countries. Petroleumimported from Libya provides more than half of the countries energy. Italyimports much of its oil from Iran and Libya. Italy produces very small amounts of petroleum. Most of Italyspetroleum is found in Sicily. I found Italy to be an interesting country. Many of the greatest andmost important eras in mankind occurred in Italy. The Renaissance, The RomanEmpire and some of World War II all happened in Italy. I believe the historicaland cultural significance of Italy is largely overlooked. Another reason I chose Italy is that it is a country we rarely study inschool. When we study European history, we mainly cover France or Germany, etc. We rarely get into countries that are just as important as Italy. When we dostudy them, we blend them all together and just get a brief overview of thecountries history and culture. One of the things that fascinated me about this country was its place incurrent world economics. Italy has a high GDP and is heavily involved in tradeon the Mediterannean. Italy has the largest shipping fleet in the world. Whenthe news mentions the strongest economic nations, you never hear about Italy. Yet I found that Italy is a significant player in world economics. The government and political system of Italy also fascinated me. Thepolitical system there seems more complex than the one in the United States. The House of Deputies has over 600 members and the Senate over 300. I alsofound It interesting that ex-presidents are given permanent positions in theirgovernment as Senators. One of the things that bothered me in researching this paper was that itwas difficult to summarize the history of the country. Many of the books I hadwere long and covered the history in so much detail that it was hard to skimthrough and take out the important events and make them fit into this paper. When researching this paper at the library, many of the books were either travelguides or books about the art of Italy. There were quite a few about theculture and past but it took awhile to find them among all the travel guides. If I had a chance to visit this nation I definitely would. Italy seemslike a fun place to visit because of all the old historic sites. It would beinteresting to visit all the old Roman and middle age ruins that are located inItaly.
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